Preface

The water retaining structure built on the river is related to the safety of people's life and property in the downstream. The design and construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects will not only affect the life and benefit of buildings, but also affect the cost of reconstruction and maintenance. Once the project fails, it will bring irreparable losses to the national economy and life and property. In the history of water conservancy at home and abroad, there are many painful lessons caused by the design quality problems of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Therefore, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects must ensure the scientific design and the quality of construction management.
        Water conservancy and hydropower projects often involve the interests of many departments, such as flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, industrial and urban water use, environmental protection and so on, which must be comprehensively planned and taken into account, thus increasing the complexity of construction. Water conservancy and hydropower projects are often located in mountainous areas where traffic is inconvenient, and the workload of construction preparation is heavy. Not only the traffic roads inside and outside the site should be built, the auxiliary enterprises for construction services should be arranged, but also the office and living houses should be built. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the design of construction and do a good job of management in advance, so as to meet the construction requirements and reduce the project investment.
       Water conservancy project is often composed of many single projects, with concentrated layout, large amount of work, many types of work, high construction intensity, and the limitation of terrain conditions, it is easy to cause construction interference. Therefore, it is necessary to make overall planning, pay attention to the organization and management of on-site construction, and use the principles of systems engineering and operational research to select the optimized construction scheme with less construction interference and reasonable construction period. In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, earthwork, water and underwater operations, underground operations and high-altitude operations are often carried out alternately, which is not conducive to the construction safety. Therefore, we must pay great attention to the construction safety and take effective measures to prevent accidents.

前 言

河流上修建的挡水建筑物，关系着下游人民的生命财产安全。水利水电工程的设计与施工质量， 不但会影响建筑物的寿命和效益， 而且会影响改建和维修的费用。工程一旦失事，对国民经济及生命财产会带来不可弥补的损失。国内外的水利史上不乏因水利水电工程设计质量问题而导致的一些惨痛教训，因此，水利水电工程施工必须保证设计科学性与施工管理质量。
        水利水电工程常涉及许多部门的利益，如防洪、发电、航运、灌溉、工业与城市用水、环境保护等，必须全面规划、统筹兼顾，因而增加了施工的复杂性。水利水电工程往往位于交通不便的山区，施工准备工作量大，不仅要修建场内外交通道路，布置施工服务的辅助企业，而且要修建办公和生活用房。因此，必须十分重视施工的设计工作，提前做好管理工作，使之既满足施工要求又减少工程投资。
        水利枢纽工程常由许多单项工程组成，布置比较集中，工程量大，工种多，施工强度高，加上地形条件方面的限制，容易发生施工干扰。因此，需要统筹规划，重视现场施工的组织与管理，运用系统工程、运筹学等原理，选择施工干扰少、工期合理的优化施工方案。在水利水电工程的施工中，土方工程、水上水下作业、地下作业以及高空作业等，常常交叉进行，对施工安全不利。因此，必须十分注意施工安全，采取有效措施，防止事故的发生。