Preface

The main content of mineral resources exploration is prospecting, which refers to the working process of using the ore-forming theory and known ore-forming laws, according to the geological conditions of the working area, using remote sensing technology, geology, geochemistry, geophysics and other methods to find deposits. According to the principle of step-by-step and step-by-step, mineral resources exploration can be divided into four stages: pre investigation, general survey, detailed investigation and exploration. Its tasks are respectively to make a prospective evaluation of regional mineral resources, submit the deep exposure point, submit the exploration point and submit the deposit. The work in each stage of mineral exploration should be guided by the analysis and research of the metallogenic geological conditions in the region, and the comprehensive prospecting method should be adopted according to the geological characteristics of the region and local conditions, so as to achieve the goal more scientifically and economically.

Geotechnical engineering is based on the theories of soil mechanics, rock mechanics, engineering geology and basic engineering. It is a marginal discipline formed by the combination of geology, mechanics, civil engineering, material science and other disciplines. At the same time, it is also a discipline closely combined with geology and engineering. It mainly solves the engineering and technical problems of rock and soil in various projects. As far as its connotation and attribute are concerned, it belongs to the category of civil engineering and plays an important role in civil engineering.

As special engineering materials, rock and soil are different from concrete, steel and other artificial materials. It is the product of nature. It is different with different natural environment, so it shows different engineering characteristics. This leads to the complexity and variability of geotechnical engineering, and the larger the scale of civil engineering, the more prominent and complex the geotechnical engineering problems. In practical projects, geotechnical problems and foundation problems are often the main factors that affect investment and limit construction period. If they did not handled properly, they may bring disastrous consequences. With the continuous expansion of the scale of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering has different branches, and geotechnical investigation is an important branch of geotechnical engineering.

The major of geological engineering includes the traditional engineering geology and prospecting engineering. It is an indispensable major in the national economic construction of our country. With the development of human society and technological progress, its position is becoming more and more important, and its application field is becoming more and more extensive. In addition to serving the traditional geological prospecting, geological engineering is also widely used in industrial and civil buildings, major infrastructure construction, geological disaster prevention, unconventional oil and gas resources development, marine resources investigation and other fields, which is closely related to people's production and life.

前言

矿产资源勘察的主要内容是找矿，找矿是指运用矿床成矿理论及已知成矿规律，根据工作地区地质条件，采用遥感技术与地质学、地球化学、地球物理学等方法寻找矿床的工作过程。矿产资源勘查按照循序渐进、逐步深入的原则划分为：预查、普查、详查和勘探四个阶段。其任务分别是对区域矿产资源作出远景评价、提交深部揭露点、提交勘探点和提交矿床。矿产勘查各阶段的工作，都应以该区域成矿地质条件的分析研究为指导，根据区内地质特征因地制宜釆用综合找矿方法，才能更科学、更经济地达到目的。

岩土工程是以土力学、岩石力学、工程地质学和基础工程学的理论为基础，由地质学、力学、土木工程、材料科学等多学科相结合形成的边缘学科，同时又是一门地质与工程紧密结合的学科。主要解决各类工程中关于岩石、土的工程技术问题。就其学科的内涵和属性来说，属于土木工程的范畴，在土木工程中占有重要的地位。

岩土体作为一种特殊的工程材料，不同于混凝土、钢材等人工材料。它是自然的产物，随着自然环境的不同而不同，从而表现出不同的工程特性。这就造成了岩土工程的复杂性和多变性，而且土木工程的规模越大，岩土工程问题就越突出、越复杂。在实际工程中，岩土问题、地基问题往往是影响投资和制约工期的主要因素，如果处理不当，就可能会带来灾难性的后果。随着人类土木工程规模的不断扩大，岩土工程有了不同的分支学科，岩土工程勘察就是岩土工程学科的一门重要的分支学科。

地质工程专业包括传统的工程地质与探矿工程两个专业方向，它是我国国民经济建设不可缺少的专业。随着人类社会的发展和技术进步，其地位愈加重要，应用领域也日益广泛。地质工程专业除了为传统的地质找矿服务外，当前还广泛应用于工业与民用建筑、重大基础设施建设、地质灾害防治、非常规油气资源开发、海洋资源调查等领域，与人们的生产和生活密切相关。