Preface

The emergence of cities is a sign of the progress of society and human civilization. A large number of social material wealth, human wisdom and ancient and modern civilization are concentrated in the city, which is the embodiment of modern spiritual civilization and material civilization. Like anything else, the emergence and development of a city is a mutually contradictory unity. With the rapid development of urban process and the high innovation of science and technology, the following negative effects are increasingly affecting people’s life and even health. For example, air pollution, water pollution, garbage pollution, land subsidence, noise pollution, light pollution, etc. The human environment of the city, such as the construction of the city, the shortage of water resources, the shortage of energy, the expansion of the city’s population, the congestion of traffic, the shortage of housing, the shortage of land, the pollution of the city’s scenic tourism resources, the destruction of the characteristics of the famous city and other problems have seriously hindered the normal exertion of social, economic and environmental functions and brings harm to people’s physical and mental health. Therefore, at the stage of rapid development of urbanization, environmental problems become the key to urban development. It is our duty to improve and beautify the environment. It is the aim of urban landscape ecology to research the relationship between urban environment and garden plants.

Urban environment is a unique artificial environment established by human beings on the basis of natural environment. Because the interaction between urban population and urban environment (biological and non biological elements) forms a complex network system, the comprehensive form of urban system, the network structure and functional relationship formed by the interaction between urban human activities and its surrounding environment in the specific space of the city, from the perspective of ecology angle can also be called urban ecosystem. Relevant experts believe that the 21st century is an ecological century, that is, human society will gradually move from an industrialized society to an ecological society. In a sense, the next round of international competition is actually the competition of ecological environment. In terms of a city, which city has a good ecological environment can better attract talents, funds and materials, and be in a competitive position. Therefore, the construction of ecological city has become the focus of the next round of urban competition. Many cities take the construction of ecological city, garden city, landscape city and green city as their goal and development mode, which is a wise move and a realistic choice. This vigorously promotes the construction of ecological city, which is not only the inevitable requirement to comply with the law of urban evolution, but also the need to promote the sustainable, rapid and healthy development of the city. To improve the overall quality of the city, the market competitiveness and image at home and abroad, to beautify the urban environment and purify the environment in the process of urban construction and development, it is imperative to build an ecological garden city .

前 言

城市的产生是社会和人类文明进步的标志。城市中集中了大量社会物质财富、人类智慧和古今文明，是现代精神文明和物质文明的体现。和其他任何事物一样，城市的产生和发展也是相辅相成互相矛盾的统一体。随着城市进程的迅猛发展，科学技术的高度创新， 随之而来的负面影响也越来越多地影响着人们的生活甚至健康。如城市的大气污染、水污染、垃圾污染、地面沉降、噪音污染、光污染等，城市的人文环境如城市的建设、水资源短缺、能源紧张，城市的人口膨胀、交通拥挤、住宅短缺、土地紧张以及城市的风景旅游资源被污染、名城特色被破坏等问题都严重阻碍了城市所具有的社会、经济和环境功能的正常发挥，给人们的身心健康带来危害。因而，城市化高速发展的阶段，环境问题成为城市发展的关键所在。改善和美化环境是我们的职责， 研究城市环境与园林植物的关系成为城市园林生态学的宗旨。

城市环境是人类在自然环境基础上建立的独特人工环境，由于城市人口与城市环境（生物要素和非生物要素）相互作用形成复杂的网络系统，因而在城市的特定空间里，城市体系的综合形态，城市人类活动与其周围环境相互作用形成的网络结构和功能关系，从生态学角度又可称为城市生态系统。有关专家认为， 21 世纪是生态世纪，即人类社会将从工业化社会逐步迈向生态化社会。从某种意义上讲，下一轮的国际竞争实际上是生态环境的竞争。从一个城市来说，哪个城市生态环境好，就能更好地吸引人才、资金和物资，处于竞争的有利地位。因此，建设生态城市已成为下一轮城市竞争的焦点。许多城市把建设生态城市、花园城市、山水城市、绿色城市作为奋斗目标和发展模式，这是明智之举，更是现实选择。大力提倡建设生态型城市，这既是顺应城市演变规律的必然要求，也是推进城市持续快速健康发展的需要。提升城市的整体素质、国内外的市场竞争力和形象，在城市建设和发展过程中美化城市环境、净化环境，建设生态园林城市势在必行。