Preface
There are all kinds of problems in modern cities, such as the change of population, the expansion of regions, the increase of cars, and the traffic problems such as traffic jams, environmental degradation, public traffic congestion and recession. Urban traffic problem is a vexing problem for cities all over the world. How to solve it fundamentally has been the research focus of experts and scholars for many years. Urban society has four elements:
residence, work, recreation and transportation. With the development of the city, the expansion of the scale of the city and the specialization of the living, working and recreational areas in the city, the traffic demand of the city is constantly expanding. Urban structure determines the occurrence of traffic demand, and the form of land use determines the intensity of traffic. The relationship between the supply of urban traffic infrastructure and traffic demand should be balanced. When the supply cannot meet the demand, the traffic problem will appear.
The characteristics of urban road traffic in China are mixed, low-speed and high-density, one of which is traffic congestion; the characteristics of urban public traffic are traffic congestion and low service level. At present, the problem of urban road traffic congestion not only spreads rapidly in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, but also develops to small and medium-sized cities. The source of urban traffic problems lies in the deficiency of “pre planning”, such as the lack of scientific urban planning and urban traffic planning, the lack of accurate grasp of urban traffic development strategy, the lack of strategic thinking, the lack of systematic methods, the lack of strict compliance and implementation of planning.
We hope that the publication of this book can play a positive role in promoting the teaching and discipline development of urban planning higher education, bringing rich and valuable materials to teachers and students of urban planning and architecture, and also bringing beneficial help to urban planners and practitioners of related majors.
Due to the limitation of the editor’s ability and level, there are inevitably deficiencies or mistakes in the book. We sincerely hope readers to criticize and correct it.
前 言
现代城市中普遍存在着各种各样的问题，诸如人口的变动、区域的扩大、汽车的增加，以及由此带来的交通堵塞、环境恶化、公共交通方式的拥挤以及衰退等交通问题。城市交通问题是世界各国城市共存的一个令人烦恼的问题，如何从根本上解决，多年来一直是专家学者们的研究重点。城市社会具有居住、工作、游憩和交通四个要素，随着城市的发展，城市规模的扩大，城市中居住、工作、游憩区域的特定化，使城市的交通需求不断扩大。城市结构决定了交通需求的发生，土地利用的形态决定了交通发生的强度。城市交通基础设施的供给与交通需求应该保持平衡的关系，当供给无法满足需求时，交通问题就显现出来了。
我国城市道路交通的特点是混合、低速、高密度，特征之一是交通拥堵；城市公共交通的特点是车内拥挤、服务水平低。目前，城市道路交通拥堵问题不仅在以北京、上海、广州和深圳等为代表的大城市快速蔓延，而且发展到了中小城市。城市交通问题产生的源头在于“预”的不足，缺乏科学的城市规划和城市交通规划，缺乏对城市交通发展战略的准确把握，缺乏战略性思维，缺乏系统性方法，缺乏对规划的严格遵守和实施。
希望这本书的出版能够为城市规划高等教育的教学及学科发展起到积极地推进作用，为城市规划专业及建筑学专业的师生带来丰富的有价值的资料，同时还能为城市规划师及其相关专业的从业者带来有益的帮助。
由于编者能力和水平所限，书中难免存在不足或错误，恳请读者批评指正。
Chong Wang, male, the Han nationality, CPC member, born in Beijing City in April 1980. He graduated from Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture with a master’s degree in the major of civil engineering. He is a senior engineer, registered geo-technical engineer, registered road engineer and registered consulting engineer. During his working period, he served as the Party A’s representative and senior project manager for Nanfeng Road project, Shiyuan Street municipal road project, Lianhuashi West Road overhaul project, etc. He has won “Beijing Excellent Engineering Design”, “China Municipal Engineering Science and Technology Award”, “Beijing Excellent Engineering Consulting Achievements” and other awards. Also, he won the title of Excellent Employee of the Company and Excellent Party Member of Beijing Investment.
王冲，男，汉族，北京人， 1980 年 4 月生，中共党员，研究生学历，毕业于北京建筑大学土木工程系，高级工程师职称，注册岩土工程师、注册道路工程师、注册咨询工程师。工作期间先后担任南丰路道路工程、石园大街市政道路工程、莲花石西路大修工程等项目甲方代表、高级项目经理。曾荣获“北京市优秀工程设计”“中国市政工程科学技术奖”“北京市优秀工程咨询成果”等奖项，荣获公司优秀员工及京投优秀党员称号。
Guo-Dong Zhang, male, the Han nationality, senior engineer, CPC member, born in Beijing City in November 1981. He graduated from Chang’an University with a bachelor’s degree in the major of civil engineering, and from Beijing University of Technology with a master’s degree in the major of transportation engineering. During his work in Beijing Municipal Engineering Consulting Corporation, he has successively participated in the project evaluation of “feasibility study report of Guangqu Road east extension (Yile West Road to East Sixth Ring Road)”, “feasibility study report of Jingmi Road (Taiyanggong North Street to airport south line)” and “feasibility study report of East Sixth Ring Road into the ground reconstruction project”. He is now the project manager of the feasibility study report evaluation of the East Sixth Ring Road into the ground reconstruction project.
张国栋，男，汉族，北京人， 1981 年 11 月生，党员，本科毕业于长安大学土木工程专业，硕士毕业于北京工业大学交通运输工程专业，本科学历，高级工程师职称。在北京市工程咨询公司工作期间先后参与“广渠路东延（怡乐西路—东六环路）道路工程可行性研究报告”“京密路（太阳宫北街—机场南线）道路工程可行性研究报告”“东六环入地改造工程可行性研究报告”等工程项目评估，现担任东六环入地改造工程可行性研究报告评估项目经理。
Ben Niu, male, the Han nationality, the mass, born in Beijing City in October 1981. He graduated from Beijing University of Technology with a bachelor’s degree in the major of civil engineering. He has the title of senior engineer. During his work in Beijing Municipal Engineering Consulting Corporation, he successively participated in the project evaluation of “feasibility study report of National Highway 109 New Line Expressway (West Sixth Ring Road to city boundary)”, “feasibility study report of Jingxiong Expressway Project”,“feasibility study report of East Sixth Ring Road into the ground reconstruction project” and so on. In his work, he studies hard and is willing to summarize. Combining with specific design experience, he has published many papers in journals of Urban Roads Bridges & Flood Control, China High Tech Enterprise and so on.
牛犇，男，汉族，北京人， 1981 年 10 月生，群众，本科学历，毕业于北京工业大学土木工程系，高级工程师职称。在北京市工程咨询公司工作期间先后参与“国道109 新线高速公路（西六环路—市界）工程可行性研究报告”“京雄高速公路工程可行性研究报告”“东六环入地改造工程可行性研究报告”等工程项目评估。工作中努力钻研并乐于总结，曾结合具体设计经验在《城市道桥与防洪》《中国高新技术企业》等杂志上发表多篇论文。
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