Preface

In recent years, data statistics show that in 20 industries of the national economy, the construction industry has always been among the top, accounting for 5.4% of China’s GDP. From the historical data, the added value of the construction industry has developed from 13.82 billion RMB in 1978 to 1013.4 billion RMB in 2005, with an average annual growth of 17%. It has become an important pillar industry in the national economy. In addition to the short-term fluctuation in the early 1990s, the added value of construction industry has maintained a share of about 5%-6% of GDP, and the position of pillar industry is very stable. In addition, the construction industry also creates about 30 billion dollars of foreign exchange income for the country every year, which is an important force in China’s foreign trade and economic cooperation. As a pillar industry, the position of the construction industry has been continuously strengthened. Due to its huge absorption of rural surplus labor, it has already become the key point to social and economic stability in the process of industrialization and urbanization in China. However, behind the rapid growth, due to the unscientific decision-making of engineering projects, unreasonable engineering design, and poor engineering management, the investment scale of many projects is out of control and the construction quality is not stable. There is a huge waste of investment. There are “uncompleted projects” and “three excess projects” in construction projects, which seriously affect the implementation of national plans and financial budgets, and interfere with the normal economic order in the field of engineering construction. The above facts show that there are problems in the current construction management of construction projects in China, especially the cost management mode which plays an important role in the project management, has been difficult to meet the need of the current project cost management. In a sense, defects in the theory and method of project cost management are the root of the endless problems in project management. There is an urgent need to establish a scientific and standardized management system and operation mechanism of engineering construction industry, as well as a scientific and standardized management system and operation mechanism of engineering cost.

This book deeply analyzes the construction technology of each process and each stage of the construction engineering, comprehensively interprets the progress, quality, safety, cost control and management of the construction industry, and discusses the cost budget of the construction combining with the project cost, so as to provide the theoretical basis for the technical support and management practice of the construction industry.

前 言

近几年，数据统计显示，在国民经济20 个行业中，建筑业始终名列前茅，占我国国内生产总值的5.4%。从历史数据看，建筑业增加值从1978 年的138.2 亿元发展到2005 年10134 亿元，年均增长17%，业已成为国民经济中重要的支柱产业。除了 90 年代初有短期的波动外，建筑施工业增加值在国内生产总值中一直保持着5%～6%左右的份额，支柱产业的地位十分稳固。此外，施工业还每年为国家创造300 亿美元左右的外汇收入，是我国对外贸易和经济合作的一支重要力量。作为支柱产业的建筑施工业，在我国工业化和城市化进程中，不仅地位不断增强，更因其对农村剩余劳动力巨大的吸纳作用，使其已成为社会经济稳定的关键。但在高速增长的背后，由于工程项目决策不科学，工程设计不合理，工程管理跟不上，而导致诸多工程的投资规模失控、施工质量不稳定，造成了投资的巨大浪费。在建设项目中普遍存在着“烂尾工程”和“三超工程”，严重影响国家计划、财政预算的执行，干扰工程建设领域的正常经济秩序。上述事实说明，我国现有建筑工程施工管理中存在问题，尤其是在工程管理中起重要作用的造价管理模式已经难以满足现阶段工程造价管理的需要了。从某种意义上讲，目前工程造价管理理论和方法上的缺陷是导致工程管理问题层出不穷的根源。现实迫切需要建立起我国科学规范的工程建筑业管理体制和运行机制，科学规范的工程造价管理体制和运行机制。

本书深入剖析建筑工程各工艺、各阶段施工技术，全面解读建筑施工业进度、质量、安全、成本控制与管理，并结合工程造价对建筑施工的成本预算问题进行探讨，为建筑施工行业技术支持与管理实践提供可参考的理论依据。