Preface

Respiratory System is an organ system for gas exchange between human body and external environment. In the process of metabolism, the organism must constantly absorb the O2 required by metabolism from the external environment and discharge the CO2 produced. This process of gas exchange between the organism and the external environment is called respiration. Therefore, respiration is a necessary condition to maintain metabolism and other functional activities of the body. Once respiration stops, life will end. According to survey results of causes of death in 1992, respiratory diseases (excluding lung cancer) accounted for the third place in urban mortality, while in rural mortality was the first. More attention should be paid to air pollution, smoking, aging and other factors, which will increase the incidence rate and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary heart disease, bronchial asthma, lung cancer, diffuse interstitial fibrosis of lung, and pulmonary infection. This shows that respiratory diseases are increasingly harmful to human beings. If not controlled, they will become more prominent in the future. This requires efforts of medical workers and the whole society to do a good job in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases. This book systematically introduces the diagnosis and treatment technology of respiratory
diseases, and provides theoretical guidance materials for clinical treatment of respiratory diseases.

前 言

呼吸系统（Respiratory System）是人体与外界环境间进行气体交换的器官系统。生物体在新陈代谢的过程中，必须不断地从外界环境中摄取新陈代谢所需的 O2，排出所产生的 CO2，这种机体与外界环境之间的气体交换过程，称为呼吸。因此，呼吸是维持机体新陈代谢和其他功能活动正常进行的必要条件，一旦呼吸停止，生命也将结束。根据我国 1992 的死因调查结果，呼吸系统疾病（不包括肺癌）在城市的死亡率占第 3 位，而在农村则占首位。更应重视的是由于大气污染、吸烟、人口老龄化及其他因素，使国内外的慢性阻塞性肺病（简称慢阻肺，包括慢性支气管炎、肺气肿、肺心病）、支气管哮喘、肺癌、肺部弥散性间质纤维化，以及肺部感染等疾病的发病率、死亡率有增无减。这说明呼吸系统疾病危害人类日益严重，如未予控制，日后将更为突出， 这就需要广大医务工作者暨全社会的努力， 做好呼吸系统疾病的防治工作。本书系统介绍了呼吸系统疾病的诊疗技术， 为呼吸系统疾病临床治疗提供理论性的指导材料。