Preface
Environmental ecology is an interdisciplinary subject between ecology and environmental science, and is one of the important applied subjects of ecology. Environmental ecology is a science that studies the internal change mechanism, law and counter effect of ecosystem on human under the human disturbance, and seeks for the recovery, the reconstruction and the protection countermeasures of the damaged ecosystem. That is to say, use the ecological theory to clarify the interaction between human and environment and find out the ecological way to solve environmental problems. Therefore, environmental ecology is different from the classical ecology, which mainly studies the relationship between living environment and living environment, and it’s also different from the pollution ecology, which only studies the behavior rules and hazards of pollutants in the ecosystem. Besides, it’s different from the social ecology, which studies the structure, function, evolution mechanism of social ecosystem, as well as the interaction between individuals and organizations of human beings and the surrounding natural and social environment. It is a subject to solve two kinds of environmental problems: environmental pollution and ecological damage.
With the rapid development of environmental protection, China’s ecological protection work has gradually been upgraded to an unprecedented level. The focus of environmental protection work has changed from simple pollution control to the strategic goal of paying attention to ecological protection and realizing ecological virtuous cycle. As an important means to understand and master the current situation and the trend of ecological environment quality, ecological environment monitoring has become an essential part of environmental monitoring. However, due to the complexity, diversity and huge regional differences of the ecosystem, it is necessary to establish a set of systematic technical specifications and methods to reflect the ecological environment scientifically, comprehensively and objectively.
前 言
环境生态学是生态学和环境科学之间的交叉学科，是生态学的重要应用学科之一。环境生态学是研究在人为干扰下，生态系统内在的变化机理、规律和对人类的反效应，寻求受损生态系统恢复、重建和保护对策的科学，即运用生态学理论，阐明人与环境间的相互作用及解决环境问题的生态途径。因此，环境生态学不同于以研究生物与其生存环境之间相互关系为主的经典生态学，也不同于只研究污染物在生态系统中的行为规律和危害的污染生态学和研究社会生态系统结构、功能、演化机制以及人的个体和组织与周围自然、社会环境相互作用的社会生态学，它是解决环境污染和生态破坏这两类环境问题的学科。
随着环境保护事业的快速发展，我国的生态保护工作已逐渐被提升到前所未有的高度，环境保护工作的重点已由单纯污染控制转向以注重生态保护和实现生态良性循环为战略目标。作为了解和掌握生态环境质量现状及其变化趋势的重要手段，生态环境监测成为环境监测必不可少的重要组成部分。然而，由于生态系统的复杂性、多样性以及巨大的地域差异性，要科学、全面、客观地反映生态环境状况就需要建立起一套系统的技术规范和方法。
Xin Xu, male, the Han nationality, intermediate engineer, born in Nanyang City of Henan Province in May 1988. He is currently working in the Eco-environment Monitoring Center of the Canal Head of Mid-route Project of South-North Water Diversion in Henan Province, and engaged in ecological environment monitoring and analysis. He is the co-author of the book Environmental Damage and Protection. His published papers includes “Quality Control of the Whole Process of Regional Atmospheric Environment Monitoring”, “Spatial and Temporal Changes of Surface Sediment Nutrients and Heavy Metals Before and After Water Diversion in Danjiangkou Reservoir”, “Community Characteristics of Algae in the Danjiangkou Reservoir and its Water Quality Evaluation" and so on.
许信，男，汉族，河南省南阳市人，生于 1988 年 5 月，中级工程师。现就职于河南省南水北调中线渠首生态环境监测中心，从事生态环境监测分析工作。为《环境破坏与防护治理》一书的参编作者；发表的主要论文有《区域大气环境监测全过程质量控制》、《丹江口水库调水前后表层沉积物营养盐和重金属时空变化》、《丹江口水库着生藻类群落特征及其水质评价》等。
Si-Yi Fan, female, MSc, the Han nationality, born in Nanyang City of Henan Province in December 1989. She is currently working in the Eco-environment Monitoring Center of the Canal Head of Mid-route Project of South-North Water Diversion in Henan Province, and engaged in ecological environment monitoring and analysis. Her published papers includes “Isolation and Identification of a Strain of Chryseobacterium and its Degradation Characteristics for DBP” “Solid Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography-FPD Method for Determination of Residues of Omethoate, Phorate and Diazinon in Drinking Water”“Quality Control of the Whole Process of Regional Atmospheric Environment Monitoring”, etc.
范思艺，女，汉族， 1989 年 12 月生，河南省南阳市人，理学硕士研究生。现就职于河南省南水北调中线渠首生态环境监测中心，从事生态环境监测分析工作。主要论文有《1 株金黄杆菌的分离鉴定及其对 DBP 的降解特性》、《固相萃取—气相色谱—FPD 法检测生活饮用水中的氧乐果、甲拌磷和二嗪磷残留量》、《区域大气环境监测全过程质量控制》等。
Zong-Yuan Jiang, female, the Han nationality, born in Nanyang City of Henan Province in November 1986. She graduated from Southwest University with a master’s degree in environmental science. She is currently working in the Eco-environment Monitoring Center of the Canal Head of Mid-route Project of South-North Water Diversion in Henan Province, and responsible for ecological environment monitoring of Nanyang City and Danjiangkou Reservoir Area. She holds a post certificate for multiple monitoring factors in surface water environmental quality standards, a post certificate for ecological environment monitoring quality assurance and quality control, and a qualification certificate for ecological environment monitoring internal auditors. She has 8 years of experience in ecological environment monitoring.
蒋宗园，女，汉族， 1986 年 11 月生，籍贯河南省南阳市宛城区。西南大学硕士研究生，环境科学专业。就职于河南省南水北调中线渠首生态环境监测中心工作，承担南阳市及丹江口库区生态环境监测工作，持有地表水环境质量标准中多项监测因子的上岗证，以及生态环境监测质量保证和质量控制上岗证，持有生态环境监测内审员资格证，有 8 年生态环境监测工作经验。
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