Preface
Water is the source of life and the basis of human survival and social and economic development. However, with the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the increasingly serious pollution of water environment in China has seriously restricted the production, life and economic development of human beings. A series of prominent environmental problems such as water pollution and area shrinkage, eutrophication of rivers and lakes, and the degradation of ecological system, make the quantity of water resources and the quality of water environment become the key limiting factors of social and economic development in the future.
China is one of the countries with many rivers and lakes in the world. Crisscross rivers, scattered lakes, swamps and glacial snow fields on the top of mountains constitute a series of complex water systems. Because of the various and complex causes of water system formation and pollution, as well as the uneven spatial distribution of water resources and social and economic development, it brings great challenges to the
prevention and control of water pollution in China.
The State Council has issued Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Water Pollution ( hereinafter referred to as Ten Water Rules ). As a programmatic document in the field of water environment protection, Ten Water Rules defines the overall objectives, assessment indicators and key tasks of the prevention and control of water pollution in the future. At the same time, Ten Water Rules also clearly put forward “strengthen social supervision”, and the public is the core force of social supervision. Through the popularization of basic knowledge in the field of water environment protection, this book tries to spread the ideas, concepts and technologies of water environment protection in a simple and easy to form, so that the public can learn about the water environment, and then become the practitioner and supervisor of water environment protection, and effectively promote the work of water environment protection and management in China.
Due to the limited level and short time, there are inevitably some deficiencies in the
book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言
水是生命之源，是人类生存和社会经济发展的基础。但是，随着经济的高速发展和城市化进程的加速，我国日趋严重的水环境污染问题对人类的生产生活和经济发展产生了严重的制约作用，水体污染与面积萎缩、河湖富营养化、生态系统退化等一系列突出环境问题的出现，使得水资源量和水环境质量成为未来社会经济发展的关键限制因素。
我国是世界上江河湖泊众多的国家之一，纵横交错河流与星罗棋布的大小湖泊、沼泽和绵亘于高山之巅的冰川雪原，共同构成了一系列复杂的水系。由于水系形成原因和污染成因多样复杂，加之水资源空间分布和社会经济发展的不均衡，给我国的水污染防治工作带来极大挑战。
国务院印发了《水污染防治行动计划》 （以下简称《水十条》 ） 。作为水环境保护领域的纲领性文件， 《水十条》明确了未来水污染防治工作的总体目标、考核指标和重点任务；同时， 《水十条》也明确提出要“加强社会监督”，而公众是社会监督的核心力量。本书通过水环境保护领域基本知识的普及，力图用浅显易懂的形式传播水环境保护的思想、理念和技术，使公众了解水环境，进而成为水环境保护工作的践行者和监督者，有效推进我国的水环境保护和治理工作。
由于水平有限和时间仓促，书中难免有不足之处，敬请读者指正。