Preface
As the infrastructure of our country’s economy and society, water conservancy construction benefits the people and becomes an indispensable support to promote the sustainable development of economy. In the 21st century, modern water conservancy faces the severe challenges of water resources shortage and ecological environment deterioration while building a comprehensive flood control and disaster reduction system. Rational utilization of water resources and construction of water conservancy will still be an important strategic measure to ensure the development goal of China in the new century. Water conservancy has a long history and a wide range. In the vast number of water conservancy projects, it is not easy to select famous water conservancy projects. Due to the difference of engineering properties and various categories, it is difficult to unify the standards of water conservancy projects. The basic principle is that among all kinds of water conservancy projects that have been completed and are to be completed, water conservancy projects with the characteristics of “high, large, heavy and special” are selected, with outstanding scale, benefit, style and certain popularity. Among them, there are many dams of more than 100 meters, hydropower stations of more than one million kilowatts, irrigation areas of one million mu, large-scale water conservancy projects, important flood control projects, and projects with distinctive characteristics and special impact, etc. From a comprehensive point of view, “famous” also includes projects that should learn lessons due to major problems or accidents.
With the development of water resources in China, more and more attention has been paid to the environmental problems in the construction of water conservancy projects. We should pay attention to the protection of ecological environment in every link of planning, design, construction, operation and management of the project. At the same time, measures such as science and technology, economy and law should be taken to establish the management system of the construction environmental protection. We should make clear the respective responsibilities of the owner, the supervisor and the construction unit, formulate the plan of the environmental protection during the construction period of the project, minimize the damage to the original ecological environment caused by the construction, and coordinate the construction of water conservancy project with the sound cycle of resources and environment and the sustainable development of society and economy.

前 言
水利建设作为我国经济社会的基础设施，造福于人民，成为促使经济可持续发展不可或缺的支撑。继往开来， 21 世纪现代水利面临的是在全面建设防洪减灾体系的同时，重点解决水资源紧缺和生态环境恶化的严峻挑战，合理利用水资源与兴修水利仍将是保证我国新世纪发展目标的一项重大战略措施。水利历史悠久，范畴广泛。在浩如烟海的水利工程中，选取著名水利工程并非易事。由于工程属性差异、门类繁多，给水利工程的统一标准带来了困难。基本原则是，在已建成和待建成的各类水利工程中，选择了具备“高、大、重、特”的特点，其规模、效益、风格突出，并享有一定的知名度的水利工程。其中不乏百米级以上的大坝，百万千瓦以上的水电站，百万亩灌区，大型水利枢纽，重要的防洪工程，有鲜明特色及有特殊影响的工程等。从全面观点出发，“著名”之中也纳入了因存在重大问题或是失事出险而应吸取经验教训的工程。
随着我国水资源的大力开发，水利工程施工过程中的环境问题受到人们越来越多的重视，我们应在工程的规划、设计、施工、运行及管理的各个环节中都要注意保护生态环境，同时，还应采取科技、经济、法律等措施，建立施工环境保护管理体系，明确业主、监理和施工单位的各自职责，制订工程施工期环境保护计划，尽量减轻施工对原有生态环境的破坏， 使水利工程建设与资源环境的良性循环和社会，经济的可持续发展相协调。