Preface
Water conservancy engineering construction has a long history. Dujiangyan, built in China as far as 256-251 BC, not only embodies achievements in planning and design, but also has many innovations in construction technology, such as the excavation of pile separation, the construction of fish mouth and flying sand weir with bamboo cages and pebbles, and the application of tenon cofferdam. Some of construction methods, such as pebble masonry, have been used up to now. For example, the Yellow River Levee, Qiantang River Seawall, Ling Canal and Beijing to Hangzhou Canal and other projects all show achievements of ancient water conservancy construction technology. Especially in river engineering, China has a history of thousands of years of flood prevention and control, and has accumulated rich experience in dealing with dangerous works, closure and other construction technologies.
Since the 20th century, hydraulic structure has developed rapidly in the world, and its scale has become larger and larger. For example, compared with the completed hydraulic structures, the hydraulic structures under construction and to be built in China have been greatly improved both in form and scale: the height of solid rock dam will be increased from 100m to nearly 200m, while the height of concrete dam will be about 250m; the installed capacity of the power station will reach 3-4 million kW or even more than 10 million KW; some medium and low head pumped storage or hybrid pumped storage power stations have been built; some large-scale water diversion, water supply, irrigation and other projects will also be put into practice. From the perspective of the whole world, the prospect of hydraulic architecture is to develop into high water head, large capacity, new materials, new structures, etc. With the continuous improvement of construction technology and the adoption of large-scale and efficient construction machinery and high-speed and large-capacity electronic computers, the design and research of high arch dam, high earth rock dam, roller compacted concrete dam, deep buried tunnel and large-scale underground buildings will make rapid progress. In addition, the application of prefabricated small and medium-sized hydraulic structures, as well as the monitoring and management technology of hydraulic structures will also be greatly developed.

前 言
水利工程施工有着悠久的历史， 中国远在公元前 256—前 251 年修建的都江堰，不仅体现了规划设计方面的成就，在施工技术方面也有许多创造，如离堆的开凿、鱼嘴及飞沙堰的竹笼卵石砌护以及杩槎围堰的应用等，其中有的施工方法如卵石砌护沿用至今。又如黄河大堤、钱塘江海塘、灵渠及京杭运河等工程都显示出古代水利工程施工技术的成就。特别在河工方面，中国有几千年防御与治理洪水的历史，在处理险工和堵口截流等施工技术方面积累了丰富的经验。
20 世纪以来，水工建筑在世界各国发展迅速，规模也越来越大。如中国在建及拟建水工建筑与已建成的相比，无论在形式上、规模上都有较大的改进和提高：土石坝的高度将从 100m 提高到近 200m，而混凝土坝的高度则将达到 250m 左右；电站装机容量将达到 300～400 万千瓦甚至 1000 万千瓦以上；一些中、低水头的抽水蓄能或混合式抽水蓄能电站已开始兴建；一些大规模的引水、供水、灌溉等工程亦将相继投入实施。从全世界而言，水工建筑的前景是向高水头、大容量、新材料、新结构等方面发展。随着施工技术不断提高和大型、高效施工机械及高速、大容量电子计算机的采用，高拱坝、高土石坝、碾压混凝土坝、深埋隧洞及大型地下建筑物等的设计和研究将会有较快的进展。此外，预制构件装配化的中小型水工建筑的应用，以及水工建筑监测和管理调度技术等也将随之有较大发展。