Preface

For thousands of years, infectious diseases have been threatening human health, not only bringing great disasters to human beings, but also changing the process of human history. For example, plague, influenza and smallpox have occurred many times in the world. The incidence of infectious diseases is closely related to climate, geographical environment and social factors. With the development of society, the development of prevention and evidence-based medicine has made great progress. Some infectious diseases have been effectively controlled, for example, smallpox has been eliminated, and polio and leprosy are about to be eliminated. However, due to population growth, urbanization and changes in human behavior, the pattern of infectious diseases is also changing. Gonorrhea and syphilis have revived, and some new infectious diseases have emerged, such as AIDS, dengue, Bovine Spongiform Encephali-tis, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, SARS, influenza in birds, influenza A ( H1N1 ), etc. In some areas, measles, rubella, HFMD and hemorrhagic fever are increasing. This not only brings new threats to human health, but also causes great losses to the global economy. In recent years, the resistance of community bacteria has increased, especially tuberculosis, gonorrhoeae, shigella, salmonella and streptococcus pneumococcus, which also poses a new threat to human health. Apart from the fact that most of the original infectious diseases are still spreading or re raging, newly discovered, multi variant or infectious diseases without vaccine may also cause outbreaks at any time, threatening human health and social stability. Infectious diseases will continue for a long time in the future, and the struggle between human beings and infectious diseases is not over.
      This book is based on the clinical practice of infectious diseases and arranged by the way of transmission. It has the functions of teaching of the modern infectious disease and popular science, and is convenient for medical staff, staff and residents to use for reference. We should focus on popularizing the knowledge of prevention and control of infectious diseases, and maximize the ability of residents to recognize and prevent infectious diseases. Once infectious diseases occur, community residents should be able to protect and isolate as early as possible, and come to designated hospitals for treatment, so as to fundamentally control the epidemic of infectious diseases.

前 言

千百年来，传染病一直威胁着人类健康，不断给人类带来重大的灾难，甚至改变了人类历史的进程，例如，鼠疫、流感和天花等均曾多次发生世界性的大流行。传染病的发病与气候、地理环境、社会因素密切相关。随着社会的发展,预防和循证医学的发展取得了长足进步，一些传染病得到了有效控制，如天花已被消灭，脊髓灰质炎、麻风也即将被消灭。但是，由于人口的增长和城市化以及人类行为的改变，传染病的格局也在发生着变化，淋病、梅毒又死灰复燃，并且出现了一些新的传染病，如艾滋病、登革热、疯牛病、埃博拉出血热、传染性非典型肺炎（SARS）、人感染高致病性禽流感、甲型 H1N1 流感等；在部分地区，麻疹、风疹、手足口病、流行性出血热有增多趋势。这不仅给人类的健康带来了新的威胁，而且也给全球经济造成了巨大的损失。近年来，社区性细菌耐药性增强，结核病菌、淋球菌、志贺菌、沙门氏菌和肺炎球菌等细菌的耐药性最为明显，这也给人类健康造成了新的威胁。除大多数原有的传染病还在蔓延或重新肆虐外，新发现、多变异或尚无疫苗预防的传染病也随时会引起疫情暴发，威胁人类健康，影响社会稳定。传染病仍会在未来持续较长的时间，人类与传染病的斗争还未结束。
       本书以传染病临床实践为基础，以传播途径为编排体例，具备现代传染病教学及科普功能，便于医务人员、工作人员、居民参考使用。我们应重点普及传染病防治知识，最大限度地提高居民认识及预防传染病的能力。一旦发生传染病，社区居民应能及早防护、隔离，并尽早到指定医院救治，从根本上控制传染病的流行。