Preface
Surgery is a science to study the occurrence, development, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of surgical diseases. It is a professional department with surgical resection and repair as the main treatment means. Surgical diseases are divided into five categories: trauma, infection, tumor, deformity and dysfunction. These diseases often need to be treated by surgery or manual treatment as the main means. Therefore, surgery has become a unique surgical treatment. People also often regard the need for surgical treatment as the standard to distinguish internal medicine from surgical diseases. But the surgical science is not equal to surgery, surgery is only one of the treatment methods of surgical diseases.
There are many kinds of surgery, especially the corresponding nursing techniques and methods. But the surgery that people usually understand is the visible wound. The surgical nursing technology that we are familiar with is the disinfection, bandaging and dressing change of the wound. In fact, the surgical nursing process is also related to the internal trauma of the patient or the surgical nursing of the invisible wound. In addition, the treatment of the patient is based on the premise of nursing treatment. Before the treatment, the nursing personnel need to carry out relevant nursing preparation, and after the treatment, they need to carry out daily rehabilitation care and observation. Therefore, from the medical point of view, nursing is closely related to treatment, and neither side can exist independently. It can be said that the work of surgical nursing plays an important role in the process of surgical treatment, so the development and innovation of its technology, whether for medical staff or patients, is very important.
Combined with the author’s working experience, this book introduces the nursing standards of surgical system diseases in detail, and provides theoretical guidance for the majority of medical nursing workers.
前 言
外科是研究外科疾病的发生，发展规律及其临床表现，诊断，预防和治疗的科学，是以手术切除、修补为主要治病手段的专业科室。外科疾病分为五大类：创伤，感染，肿瘤，畸形和功能障碍。这些疾病往往需要以手术或手法处理作为主要手段来治疗。因此，手术就成为外科所特有的一种治疗方法。人们也往往把是否需要手术治疗作为区别内科还是外科疾病的标准。但外科学并不等于手术学，手术只是外科疾病治疗方法中的一种。
外科其实分类很多，相应的护理技术和方法也尤为繁多，但是人们通常理解的外科多为可见的伤痕或者伤口， 大家所熟悉的外科护理技术就是伤口的消毒、 包扎、换药等，其实不然，外科的护理过程中也关乎到患者身体内部的创伤或者不可见伤口的外科护理，加上对病患的治疗是建立在护理处理的前提下的，在治疗前需要护理人员进行相关的护理准备， 在治疗后需要对其进行日常的康复护理和观察， 所以，从医学的角度来讲，护理是和治疗息息相关的，任何一方都不能脱离而独立存在。可以说，外科护理的工作在外科治疗的过程中有着举足轻重的作用，所以对其技术的发展与创新就，不论是对医护人员还是对患者，都是非常重要的。
本书结合作者工作经验， 详细介绍了外科系统疾病的护理规范,为广大医务护理工作者提供外科护理理论指导。
Yan Zhang, female, the Han nationality, bachelor’s degree, born in Shangqiu City of Henan Province in May 1987. She is working at the Department of Nursing of the 988 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army as supervisor nurse. She graduated from the Fourth Military Medical University, and devoted to the development, current situation, prevention and nursing of stomatology. She has extensive clinical experience in clinical wound stoma treatment. She has published more than ten core papers, obtained two national utility model patents, and participated in eight military and provincial/municipal research projects. Also, she was repeatedly rated as “Excellent Communist Party Member”, “Excellent Government Functionary”, and “Women Pacesetter”, “Creative Advanced Individual” and so on.
张岩，女，汉族， 1987 年 5 月，河南商丘人，本科学历。就职于中国人民解放军第九八八医院护理部助理，主管护师，毕业于第四军医大学，长期致力于造口学的发展与现状、预防及护理等方面的研究工作，在临床伤口造口治疗方面有着丰富的临床经验。发表核心论文十余篇，获得国家实用新型专利两项，参研军队和省市级课题八项，多次被单位和上级机关评为“优秀共产党员”“优秀机关干部”“巾帼标兵”“创文先进个人”等。
Ying Liu, supervisor nurse, born in September 1982. She is the head nurse of the Department of Neurology of the 988 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army. She graduated from the Nursing School of Henan University in 2005 and has been engaged in neurology nursing for more than 10 years. She has rich experience in specialized nursing. In 2012, she trained neurology specialist nurses in the PLA General Hospital. She is proficient in neurology-related nursing, preoperative and postoperative nursing of cerebrovascular interventional surgery, and neurological rehabilitation nursing with rich clinical and teaching experience. She is also a member of the Kaifeng Rehabilitation Society. She has published more than ten articles in national journals.
刘颖，主管护师，联勤保障部队第九八八医院神经内科，护士长， 1982 年 9 月生，2005 年毕业于河南大学护理学院，一直从事神经内科护理工作 10 余年。专科护理经验丰富， 2012 年在解放军总医院进行神经内科专科护士培训，熟练掌握神经内科相关护理，脑血管介入手术术前术后护理以及神经内科康复护理，有着丰富的临床和教学经验。担任开封市康复学会委员。先后在国家级刊物发表文章十余篇。
Xue-Fang Guan, female, the Han nationality, born in Mianchi County of Henan Province in January 1992. She graduated from Xinxiang Medical University with a bachelor’s degree. She is a nurse and midwife of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the 988 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army. She has been engaged in clinical nursing, teaching and scientific research of obstetrics and gynecology for many years, and has extensive experience in clinical nursing of obstetrics and gynecology. She has a certain research on the management of normal labor, first aid for dystocia, difficult and critical care nursing, perioperative nursing of laparoscopic patients and health education. She has published many papers in the first-class magazines in China, and has been repeatedly rated as “Advanced Worker”, “Excellent Communist Party Member”, and “Excellent Nurse”.
关薛芳，女，汉族， 1992 年 1 月生，河南渑池人。毕业于新乡医学院，本科学历，学士学位，现任中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八八医院妇产科护士，护师，助产士。从事妇产科的临床护理、教学、科研工作多年，有丰富的妇产科临床护理经验。对于正常分娩的处理、难产的急救、疑难重症护理以及宫腔镜、腹腔镜患者围手术期护理及健康教育等有一定的研究。 国内一流杂志发表论文多篇， 多次被评为：“先进工作者”“优秀共产党员”“优秀护士”。
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