Preface

Human beings have entered the 21st century, and the process of economic globalization has been obviously accelerated. With China’s accession to WTO, China’s economy is gradually joining the tide of the world economy. With the rapid development of the world economy, the world is facing increasingly serious environmental problems. It is a very important task to maintain the harmony between human and nature and realize sustainable development. Among several fuels, natural gas is clean energy. Compared with coal and oil, natural gas not only emits the least amount of Sox, NOx and CO, but also emits the lowest amount of CO2 when obtaining the same amount of energy. Natural gas used as industrial, civil and vehicle fuel will significantly improve the air quality of cities. Increasing the proportion of natural gas in the energy consumption structure is an important measure to alleviate environmental degradation. Accelerating the development and utilization of natural gas has been widely recognized in the world. 

     As the main channel of natural gas transportation, pipeline is known as one of the five modes of transportation. Natural gas pipeline is widely used in urban development, energy supply, petrochemical infrastructure and people’s living conditions and other fields. In view of the strategic position of natural gas pipeline in the national economy, it is known as the “major lifeline of the country”. However, with the development of pipeline and the increase of transportation time, accidents such as pipeline leakage, perforation and explosion caused by initial defects of pipeline, corrosion and perforation during operation, third-party damage, misoperation, natural disasters and other factors occur from time to time, which cause great harm to people’s lives and properties, surrounding environment, social economy, enterprise production and people’s life. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the integrity management of natural gas pipeline, improve the basic technology of inspection and detection, improve the means of safety assessment, and actively formulate and take measures to prevent accidents. In particular, the number of pipelines has increased dramatically. National key projects, such as the Second Project of Natural Gas Transmission from West to East China and Natural Gas Transmission from Sichuan to East China, have been completed and put into operation, driving the rapid development of downstream branch lines and buried natural gas pipelines in cities along the line. When it brings threat to urban safety, it will inevitably bring new challenges to the safety assessment and management of pipelines.

前 言

人类已进入 21 世纪，经济全球化的进程明显加快，随着中国加入 WTO，中国经济正在逐步加入世界经济的大潮之中。在世界经济迅猛发展的同时，全球面临着日益严重的环境问题，保持人和自然的和谐，实现可持续发展成为一项十分重要的任务。在几种燃料中，天然气是清洁能源，与煤、石油相比，天然气使用时不仅排放出的 SOx、 NOx 及 CO 量最少，而且获得等量能量时排放的 CO2 量也是最低的。天然气用作工业、民用及车用燃料将显著改善城市的大气质量，增加天然气在能源消费结构中的比例是缓解环境恶化的重要措施，加速开发和利用天然气在世界各国得到广泛的共识。
      管道作为目前天然气输送的主要渠道，被誉为五种运输方式之一。天然气管道广泛应用于城市发展、能源供应、石油化工的基础设施和人们生活的基础条件等领域。鉴于天然气管道在国民经济中占有极其重要的战略地位，被誉为“国家重大生命线”。但随着管道发展及运输时间的增长，由管道初始缺陷以及运行期间腐蚀穿孔、第三方破坏、误操作、自然灾害等因素造成的管道泄漏、穿孔、爆炸等事故时有发生，对人民生命财产、周边环境造成极大危害，给社会经济、企业生产和人们生活带来重大损失。因此，加强天然气管道的完整性管理、提高基础的检验、检测技术、完善安全评估手段，积极拟定并采取措施进行事故预防意义重大。尤其是，管道数量激增，如西气东输二线、川气东送管道工程等国家重点工程已建成投产，带动下游支线和沿线城市埋地天然气管道迅猛发展，对城市安全带来威胁的同时，必然对管道的安全评估和管理提出新的挑战。