Preface
In the field of microbiology, the development of molecular biology, moleculargenetics and ecology has promoted the development of environmental microbiology.Many microbial application technologies have penetrated into the environmentalprotection work, and played an important role in improving human living environmentand eliminating environmental pollution. Microorganism is the basic component of natural ecosystem, which is closely connected with material circulation and energy flow. It decomposes all kinds of organic matters in the environment, including all kinds of wastes and organic pollutants generated by human activities, maintains the relative balance of natural ecosystem while maintaining its growth and reproduction, and helps human beings“clean” the environment.
Environmental microbiology is a professional basic course for environmentalprotection majors. It provides students with the necessary basic theories and experimentalskills of microorganisms for learning water pollution control engineering, air pollutioncontrol engineering, environmental monitoring, solid waste treatment and utilization andother professional courses. Higher vocational colleges train high skilled applied talents tomeet the needs of production, service and management. For this purpose, the compilationof this textbook systematically introduces the basic knowledge of microbial morphology,structure, nutrition, metabolism, growth and reproduction, and genetic variation in accordance with the principles of “theoretical teaching sufficiency” and “practice,practicality and practice”. On the basis of meeting the needs of subsequent courses, some contents are adjusted and deleted. For example, the metabolism of microorganisms is only introduced the metabolism of production capacity. In the practical application of microorganisms, the influence of microorganisms on the environment, the role of
microorganisms in the natural material circulation, and the application of microbial technology in environmental management are introduced. The experimental part includes the basic skills and operation methods of microorganisms, the detection of microorganisms in water and air, the separation, screening and cultivation of high efficient pollutant degradation strains.
Due to the limited level of editors, it is difficult to avoid the mistakes or omissions in the book. We sincerely ask our colleagues and readers to criticize and correct them.
前 言
在微生物学领域里，由于分子生物学、分子遗传学以及生态学的发展，促进了环境微生物学的发展，许多微生物应用技术渗透到环境保护工作中，为改善人类的生存环境和消除环境污染起到了重要作用。微生物是自然生态系统中的基本成分，物质循环和能量流动与之紧密相连，它通过分解环境中的各种有机物，其中包括人类活动产生的各类废弃物和有机污染物，在维持自身生长繁殖的同时，也维持了自然生态系统的相对平衡，帮助人类“清洁”环境。
环境微生物学是环境保护类专业的专业基础课，它为学生学习水污染控制工程、大气污染控制工程、环境监测、固体废弃物处理与利用等专业课程提供了必需的微生物基本理论和实验技能。高职高专培养的是适应生产、服务、管理第一线需要的高技能应用型人才，以此为目标，本教材的编写按照“理论教学够用为度”及“实际、实用、实践”的原则，比较系统地介绍了微生物形态、构造、营养、代谢、生长繁殖及遗传变异等基础知识，在满足后续课程需要的基础上，对部分内容做了调整和删减，例如，微生物代谢部分只介绍了产能代谢。在微生物的实际应用方面，介绍了微生物对环境产生的影响，微生物在自然界物质循环中的作用，微生物技术环境治理中的应用等内容。实验部分包括微生物的基本技能和操作方法，水中、空
气中微生物的检测，污染物高效降解菌株的分离、筛选、培养等实验。
由于编者水平有限，书中不妥或错漏之处难以避免，恳请广大同仁、读者批评指正。
Qiang Tu, male, the Han nationality, doctor’s degree, born in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province in August 1986. He mainly engaged in genetic engineering and agricultural microbiology. At the stage of study, he successively studied with Academician Yu Long. Yin of Chinese Academy of Engineering, Professor Rolf Muelle, double material academician of German Academy of Sciences and Academy of Engineering, and Academician You Ming. Zhang of Academy of Europe. At present, he works in the national key laboratory of microbial technology of Shandong University, and is mainly in charge of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. He has published 8 articles as first or correspondence author, obtained 3 invention patents, participated in the formulation of local standards in Shandong Province, and presided 4 provincial and ministerial level topics.
涂强，男，汉族， 1986 年 8 月生，江西南昌人，博士研究生。主要从事基因工程和农业微生物方面的工作，求学阶段先后师从中国工程院印遇龙院士、德国科学院和工程院双料院士 Rolf Mueller 教授和欧洲科学院张友明院士，目前在山东大学微生物技术国家重点实验室工作，主要负责科技成果转化等工作。已发表第一/通讯作者文章 8 篇，获得发明专利授权 3 项，参与山东省地方标准制定一项，主持省部级课题 4 项。
Yu-Long Yin, male, the Han nationality, born in Taoyuan County, Hunan Province in January 1956. He has been engaged in the research of livestock and poultry health breeding and environmental control for a long time, and has successively presided over and completed more than 30 scientific research projects. He has made outstanding achievements in low protein diets, efficient utilization of unconventional feed materials, led the team to publish more than 300 SCI papers, and his H index is 51. Since 2011, he has been selected as one of the most highly cited scientists in the world by Thomson Reuters. He edited 12 monographs and obtained 42 invention patents. He won 3 National Science and Technology Progress Awards and 1 National Natural Science Award, World Animal Nutrition Award, Science and Technology Progress Award of The Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation, and Outstanding Pig Digestive Physiology Scientist Award of the 14th World Pig Digestive Physiology Congress.
印遇龙，男，汉族， 1956 年 1 月生，湖南桃源人。长期从事畜禽健康养殖与环境控制研究，先后主持完成科研项目 30 多项。在低蛋白日粮、非常规饲料原料高效利用等方面成果卓著，带领团队发表 SCI 论文 300 余篇， H 指数 51， 2011 年至今入选汤森路透全球高被引科学家；主编专著 12 部，获发明专利 42 项；荣获国家科技进步奖 3 项和国家自然科学奖 1 项，获 World Animal Nutrition 奖、“何梁何利基金”科学与技术进步奖和第 14 届世界猪消化生理大会杰出猪消化生理科学家奖。
Zhao-Hui Liu, male, the Han nationality, doctor’s degree, born in Yuncheng County,Shandong Province in September 1962. In 2008, he was named “Young and Middle-Aged Experts with Outstanding Contributions in Shandong Province” and “Top Professional and Technical Talents in Jinan”. He is the first one to win 1 national and 1 provincial technological invention award, and 11 other provincial and ministerial awards. He is also a member of the International Farming Society, director of the Chinese Society of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Sciences, vice president of the Shandong Society of Soil Sciences,
executive director of the Shandong Society of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Sciences and director of the Shandong Society for Environmental Science.
刘兆辉，男，汉族， 1962 年 9 月生，山东郓城人，博士。 2008 年被评为“山东省有突出贡献的中青年专家”和“济南专业技术拔尖人才”。首位获国家技术发明和省技术发明奖各 1 项，其它省部级奖励 11 项。兼任国际耕作学会会员、中国植物营养与肥料学会理事，山东省土壤学会副理事长、山东省植物营养与肥料学会常务理事和山东省环境科学学会理事等职。
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