Preface

Since the second half of the 20th century, with the development of urbanization in the world, the urban areas of various countries in the world are gradually expanding, and the urban population is gradually increasing, which makes all countries in the world face severe challenges in traffic problems. The trend of urbanization puts forward new requirements for the capacity and service level of urban public transport, and the development of urban traffic affects the function and development of the city. In order to make the urban functional activities can be carried out normally and efficiently, in order to protect the urban ecological environment and realize the sustainable development of urban social economy, countries all over the world take the solution of urban public transport as an
important work.
    Rail transit appeared in cities as public transportation for a long time in the world. With the development of science and technology and urbanization, mass transit plays an increasingly important role in modern big cities. The history of urban transportation development in economically developed countries tells us that only by adopting rail transit system with large passenger traffic volume is an effective way to fundamentally improve the situation of urban public transport. As the application technology and basic theory of urban rail transit in China are still in the development stage, most of the project implementation is to introduce technology and equipment, and the low localization rate has become the main reason for the high project cost. Therefore, to improve the technical strength of China’s urban rail transit industry, give full play to the ability of independent construction, and strive to reduce the project cost should always be the key to the development of mass transit.

前 言

二十世纪下半叶以来，伴随着世界范围内城市化发展的进程，世界各国的城市区域逐渐扩大，城市人口逐渐上升，使世界各国在交通问题上面临严峻的挑战。城市化的趋势对城市公共交通能力与服务水平不断提出新的要求，城市交通的发展状况又影响着城市功能的发挥和城市的发展。为使城市各项功能活动能正常、高效地进行，为保护城市生态环境、实现城市社会经济的可持续发展，世界各国纷纷把解决城市公共交通问题作为一项重要工作。
       世界上轨道交通很早就作为公共交通在城市中出现。随着科学技术和城市化的发展，大运量的轨道交通在现代大城市中越来越起着重要的作用。经济发达国家城市的交通发展历史告诉我们，只有采用大客运量的轨道交通系统，才是从根本上改善城市公共交通状况的有效途径。由于我国城市轨道交通的应用技术和基础理论都还处于开拓阶段，项目实施的大多数情况是要引进技术和设备，国产化率低，成为工程造价昂贵的主要原因。因而提高我国城市轨道交通行业的技术力量，发挥自主建设能力，努力降低工程造价，应该始终是发展大运量轨道交通的关键。