Preface
Since the beginning of the 21st century, economic growth has been accelerating and industrial production has been developing rapidly. At the same time, excessive depletion of natural resources, reduction of cultivated land, land degradation, global climate deterioration, rupture of the earth’s ozone layer, sharp reduction of biodiversity, and a large number of pollutants produced and discharged by industrial development have become cross regional and cross-border global environmental problems, it is increasingly hindering the survival and sustainable development of human beings. The solution of these problems and crises depends on the guidance and technical support of environmental science and ecology theory. Since entering the industrial revolution, human beings have deeply affected the surrounding environment with unprecedented scale and intensity. Water pollution, air pollution, solid waste pollution, noise pollution, radiation pollution and other terms are always around us. In order to solve the obstacles restricting human development, more stringent requirements are put forward for the research of environmental science and engineering. Ecology refers to the relationship between living organisms and their living environment. It is a science that studies the internal change mechanism, law and effect on human beings of the ecological system under the condition of human disturbance, and seeks for the restoration, reconstruction and ecological protection countermeasures of the damaged ecosystem; it is a science that uses the principle of ecology to clarify the human impact on the environment and the way to solve the environmental problems. With the continuous highlighting of the contemporary world’s ecological environment problems, ecological and environmental problems have gradually been the universal attention of the world.
Although the compilation of this book strives to achieve new content, broken ideas, and the combination of theory and practice, due to the limited level of the author. There are some mistakes in the book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.
前 言
进入 21 世纪以来，经济增长不断提速，工业生产得到快速发展，与此同时，自然资源过度损耗、耕地减少、土地退化、全球气候恶化、地球臭氧层破裂、生物多样性锐减、工业发展制造和排放的大量污染物等已成为跨地区跨国界的全球性环境问题，越来越阻碍着人类的生存和可持续发展，而这些问题和危机的解决，都有赖于环境学和生态学理论的指导和技术支持。自进入工业革命以来，人类就以前所未有的规模和强度深深地影响着周围环境，水污染、大气污染、固体废弃物污染、噪声污染、辐射污染等名词时刻伴随在我们左右，为解决制约人类发展的障碍，对环境科学和工程的研究提出了更严苛的要求。生态是指生物有机体及其生存环境的相互关系，它是研究在人类干扰条件下，生态系统的内在变化机理、规律和对人类的效应，寻求受损生态系统的恢复、重建及生态保护对策的科学；是运用生态学的原理，阐明人类对环境影响及解决环境问题途径的科学。随着当代世界生态环境问题的不断突显，生态环境问题也逐渐得到了世界各国的普遍重视。
尽管本书编写力求做到内容新、观念断，理论和实际相结合，但由于作者水平有限。书中难免有不当之处，欢迎读者批评指正。
Shuai-Bing Li, male, the Han nationality, bachelor’s degree, senior engineer, born in Baofeng County, Henan Province in January 1976. He presided over and participated in the “Research of Ecological Reconstruction and Environmental Comprehensive Treatment Technology in Pingdingshan Mining Area”, and won provincial and municipal awards. He wrote a number of papers such as “investigation and Analysis of Pollution Load in Zhaoping Platform Reservoir Basin” and other papers published in professional journals. His research and development of high concentration ammonia nitrogen waste water treatment equipment has won the national practical patent. In 2005, he was named the academic and technical leader of Pingdingshan City, and was selected into the emergency expert database of Henan Province and Pingdingshan City. He has obtained the certificate of registered EIA Engineer, registered environmental protection engineer and nuclear safety engineer.
李帅兵，男，汉族， 1976 年 1 月生，河南宝丰人，本科学历，高级工程师。主持参加的《平顶山矿区生态重建与环境综合治理技术的研究》 等多项课题获得省市奖励，撰写的《昭平台水库流域污染负荷调查与分析》等多篇论文在专业期刊上发表，研发的高浓度氨氮废水处理设备获得国家实用专利。 2005 年被评为平顶山市学术技术带头人，入选河南省、平顶山市应急专家库，取得有注册环评工程师、注册环保工程师、核安全工程师等证书。
Wei Dai, male, the Han nationality, master’s degree, engineer of environmental protection, born in Xiangcheng County, Henan Province in July 1985. He presided over and participated in the “Intelligent and Efficient Utilization System of Low-temperature Waste Heat in Coal Mine” and “Research and Application of Comprehensive Technology for Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Northern Pingdingshan Mining Area”, which won provincial and municipal science and technology progress award. He has written many papers such as “Influence of Dyr Density on HTO Diffusion in GMZ Bentonite”, “Effect of Dry Density on 125I Diffusion in GMZ Bentonite” and “New Progress in High Salt Organic Waste Water Treatment Technology” and other papers published in professional journals at home and abroad. Since he joined the work in 2012, he has been rated as an advanced individual and top ten youth in scientific and technological work for many times, and has obtained the certificate of Cleaner Production Auditor and environmental protection engineer.
戴威，男，汉族， 1985 年 7 月生，河南襄城人，硕士研究生，环保工程师。主持参加的《煤矿低温废热智能高效利用系统》、《平顶山北部矿区大气污染防治综合技术研究与应用》 等多项课题获得省市科技进步奖， 撰写的《Influence of dyr density on HTO diffusion in GMZ bentonite》、《Effect of dry density on 125I diffusion in GMZ bentonite》、《高盐有机废水处理技术研究新进展》等多篇论文在国内外专业期刊上发表。 2012 年参加工作至今，多次被评为科技工作先进个人、十佳青年等，取得有清洁生产审核师、环保工程师等证书。
Hong-Sheng Ma, male, the Han nationality, bachelor’s degree, born in Ye County, Henan Province in July 1979. The first is to formulate and issue the energy conservation and emission reduction treatment plan of the group in 2017 and 2018; the second is to participate in the implementation of four coking industry units to complete the transformation of special emission limits; the third is to participate in and supervise the construction of coal shed and gangue shed and dust control in northern mining area. “Research and Application of Comprehensive Technology for Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Northern Pingdingshan Mining Area” won the first prize of science and technology progress award of China Pingdingshan Shenma Group; “Research and Application of Waste Gas Dedusting Technology of Gas Drying Kiln in Coal Preparation Plant” won the second prize of science and technology progress award of China Pingmei Shenma Group; he was awarded the Advanced Individual of energy conservation and emission reduction of China Pingmei Shenma Group in 2017.
马红升，男，汉族， 1979 年 7 月生，河南叶县人，本科学历。一是制定下达了集团2017 年和 2018 年节能减排治理计划；二是参与实施 4 家焦化行业单位实施完成特别排放限值改造工作；三是参与开展和督查北部矿区煤棚、矸石棚建设和扬尘治理工作；《平顶山北部矿区大气污染防治综合技术研究与应用》荣获中国平煤神马集团科技进步一等奖；《选煤厂燃气干燥窑炉废气除尘技术研究及应用》荣获中国平煤神马集团科技进步二等奖；荣获 2017 年度中国平煤神马集团节能减排先进个人。
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