Preface

With the continuous development of social economy and the advancement of urbanization process, people’s requirements for urban living standards and quality are constantly improved, urban functions are constantly enhanced, and municipal infrastructure is also increasingly improved. At present, the connotation of municipal infrastructure engineering (referred to as municipal engineering or municipal public engineering) has been extended to urban road and bridge water supply, drainage, sewage treatment, power supply, gas, central heating, communication, urban environmental health, fire control, flood control, disaster prevention and other fields. As the lifeline of the city, municipal engineering has played an important role in the healthy development of modern cities. Since the reform and opening up, China has established the basic national policy with economic construction as the center and increased the scale of capital construction investment. In this context, highway construction, especially high-grade highway and bridge construction, has been developing rapidly. In addition, with the development of urbanization, municipal roads and subway projects have also been booming. The rapid development of the transportation industry determines the demand gap of a large number of road and Bridge professionals. Improving the construction technology of road and Bridge in China has become an inevitable trend.
    The construction of urban facilities is the basis of forming and perfecting the function of a city and giving full play to the role of the city center. It is the basic condition for invigorating the local economy, improving the living environment of the city and improving the grade of the city. The characteristics of municipal facilities engineering determine that the construction funds mainly come from national investment and local fund-raising, but the investment of these funds is limited compared with the huge capital demand of urban construction. Therefore, to determine the cost of municipal engineering economically and reasonably, to improve the use efficiency of funds, to calculate the engineering quantity relatively accurately, to continuously improve the level of cost compilation, and to reflect the actual cost of the project scientifically, are the direction thatmunicipal builders must strive for and pursue.

前 言

随着社会经济的不断发展和城市化进程的日益推进，人们对城市生活水平和质量的要求不断提高，城市功能不断增强，市政基础设施也日趋完善。目前，市政基础设施工程（简称为市政工程或市政公用工程）的内涵已经拓展到了城市道路桥梁给水、排水、污水处理、供电、燃气、集中供热、通信、城市环境卫生、消防、防洪、防灾等多个领域。作为城市生命线工程的市政工程已经对现代城市的健康发展起着举足轻重的作用。改革开放以来，我国确立了以经济建设为中心的基本国策，加大了基本建设投资规模。在此背景下，公路建设事业，尤其是高等级公路和桥梁建设得到快速发展。此外，随着城镇化进程的日益推进，市政道路与地铁工程也得到了蓬勃发展。运输行业的高速发展决定了大量路桥专业技术人才的需求缺口，提
高我国路桥的施工技术成为发展的必然趋势。
      城市设施建设是形成和完善城市功能、发挥城市中心作用的基础，它是搞活本地区经济，改善城市居住生活环境，提高城市品位的基本条件。市政设施工程的本身特点决定了其建设资金主要来自国家的投入和地方的资金筹措，而这些资金的投入与城市建设庞大的资金需求相比是有限的， 因此， 经济合理地确定市政工程造价、提高资金的使用效益、相对准确地计算工程量、不断提高造价编制水平，科学地反映工程的实际费用支出，是市政建设者必须努力和追求的方向。