Preface

Construction project, namely capital construction project, refers to a one-time construction task with fixed assets as specific target through decision-making, survey, design, construction, completion, acceptance and use under certain conditions and in accordance with a scientific procedure. According to their functions and functions, water conservancy infrastructure projects can be divided into three categories: public welfare, quasi public welfare and operational. Public welfare projects refer to the water conservancy projects with social public welfare management and service functions such as flood control, waterlogging drainage, drought resistance and water resources management, and can not get corresponding economic returns by themselves, such as Dike Works, river training works, safety construction of flood storage and detention areas, waterlogging control, soil and water conservation, ecological construction, water resources protection, drinking water for people and livestock in poor areas, flood control communication, hydrological facilities, etc.
    In the field of engineering construction, it is an important reform measure to carry out the project legal person responsibility system, bidding system and construction supervision system in the field of engineering construction in China. The three systems have greatly improved the quality of construction projects and standardized the construction behavior. After years of practice, the construction supervision system is also rapidly tending to be standardized, institutionalized and scientific. 

    Construction supervision refers to the management of the project construction implemented by the construction supervision unit under the entrustment of the project legal person in accordance with the national laws and regulations on engineering construction and the approved project construction documents, engineering construction
contract and engineering construction supervision contract. Construction supervision system is a scientific system of construction management which is carried out in our country with the project legal person responsibility system and bidding system. With its implementation, the management system of construction projects in China has changed from the traditional small production management mode of self financing, self construction and self management to the socialized, specialized and modern management mode. Due to the long-term nature and complexity of water conservancy project construction and the late start of supervision system in China, there are some problems in the actual supervision work.
    Due to the limited level of the editor, it is inevitable that there is something wrong with it. The author sincerely hopes that all experts and colleagues can criticize and correct it so that we can supplement and improve it in time when we reprint it.

前 言

建设项目即基本建设项目，是指将一定量限以上的投资，在一定的条件下，按照一个科学的程序，经过决策和勘察、设计、施工、竣工、验收使用，最终形成固定资产特定目标的一次性建设任务。水利基本建设项目按其功能和作用分为公益性、准公益性、经营性三类。公益性项目指具有防洪、排涝、抗旱和水资源管理等社会公益性管理与服务功能，自身无法得到相应经济回报的水利项目，如堤防工程，河道整治工程，蓄滞洪区安全建设、除涝、水土保持、生态建设、水资源保护、贫困地区人畜饮水、防汛通信、水文设施等。
       在工程建设领域推行项目法人责任制、招标投标制、建设监理制三项制度，是我国工程建设领域的一项重大改革举措， 三项制度大大提高了我国建设工程的质量，规范了工程建设行为。经过多年的实践，建设监理制这项制度也快速趋向规范化、制度化和科学化。
       建设监理是指建设监理单位受项目法人的委托，依据国家有关工程建设的法律、法规和批准的项目建设文件，工程建设合同及工程建设监理合同，对工程建设实行的管理。建设监理制是我国实行项目法人责任制、招标投标制而配套推行的一项建设管理的科学制度。 它的推行， 使我国的工程建设项目管理体制由传统的自筹、自建。自管的小生产管理模式，开始向社会化、专业化、现代化的管理模式转变。由于水利工程建设的长期性、复杂性，加之我国监理制度起步较晚，因此在实际监理工作中也存在这样一定的问题。
       由于编者水平有限，不妥之处在所难免，恳请各位专家、同行批评指正，以便我们再版时能进行及时补充和完善。