Preface

Land is the basis of human survival, is an important means of production, but also the source of all social material wealth. Nowadays, the population, resources, environment and food problems are all related to land. Reasonable planning, development and utilization of limited land resources to realize the sustainable development of society and economy have become an important topic of concern of governments all over the world and the focus of academic circles. China is the largest developing country in the world with a large population. The per capita land, cultivated land, woodland and grassland are 0.84 Hm2, 0.11 Hm2, 0.11 hm2 and 0.25 Hm2, respectively, which are only 60% - 80% of the world’s average level of similar land use, ranking 120th, 114th, 120th and 84th in 160 countries in the world. With the development of social economy and the continuous growth of population, the contradiction between people and land in China will be increasingly acute. Therefore, it is very important to cherish and reasonably utilize extremely limited land resources and coordinate the relationship between people and land.          Since China’s reform and opening up, urban and rural development is in the process of scale expansion, which has induced many contradictions and conflicts. The contradiction between limited land resources and unlimited development needs will exist for a long time in China’s social development. Economical and intensive land use is the way to solve the problem in this state, but it is not the ultimate goal to use land economically and intensively. The ultimate goal is to make efficient use of land, promote development and ecological harmony. For a long time, China’s economic development is mainly driven by the extensive mode of cheap land and cheap labor force, resulting in the low degree of land intensification, and the scale of construction land is close to the future index. However, construction land still plays an irreplaceable role in promoting economic development. The sustainable use of construction land will exist for a long time with the development of human society. At present, it is not enough to pay attention to the utilization and benefit of the stock land. Only by making the stock land play a revolutionary role in the transformation of the development mode is the foundation that the developed regions should set an example for the national development strategy.

前 言

土地是人类赖以生存的基础，是重要的生产资料，也是一切社会物质财富的源泉。当今世界所面临的人口、资源、环境和粮食等几大难题，无一不与土地相关，合理规划、开发和利用有限的土地资源，实现社会、经济的可持续发展，已成为世界各国政府所关注的重要议题，也成为当今学术界关注的焦点。我国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口众多，人均土地、耕地、林地和草地分别为 0.84hm2、 0.11hm2、0.11hm2 和 0.25hm2，仅为世界同类用地平均水平的 60%~80%，在全世界 160 个国家中分别位居第 120、 114、 120 和 84 位， 而随着社会经济的发展和人口的继续增长，我国的人地矛盾将日趋尖锐。因此，十分珍惜、合理利用极其有限的土地资源，协调人地关系显得尤为重要。
       中国自改革开放以来，城乡发展均处于规模扩张过程，诱发了众多的矛盾与冲突。有限的土地资源与无限的发展需求之间的矛盾将会在中国社会发展中长期存在。节约、集约用地就是在这种状态下所产生的解决问题的办法，但节约、集约用地并不是最终目的，高效利用、促进发展、生态和谐才是终极目标。长期以来，我国经济发展主要以廉价土地和廉价劳动力的粗放式带动为主，致使土地的集约化程度较低，并使建设用地规模量迫近未来的指标。但建设用地在促进经济发展中依然起着其他资源所不能替代的作用，建设用地的永续利用将伴随着人类社会的发展而长期存在。目前，仅仅关注存量土地的利用与利用效益是不够的，使存量土地在发展方式转变中起到革命性的变革作用，才是发达地区应该为国家的发展战略起表率作用的根本。