Preface

The purpose of civil engineering is to form a comfortable and beautiful space and passageway for human production or life. It is not only the material needs, but also the symbolic spiritual needs. With the development of society, the engineering structure is becoming more and more large and complex. Super high-rise buildings, super large bridges, giant dams and complex subway systems are emerging to meet people’s living needs and become the symbol of social strength.
    In the current society, environmental problems have become the top priority. The environment for human survival and development is facing severe challenges. The rapid development and effective utilization of resources make it increasingly exhausted. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged, resulting in a variety of pollution accidents occurred frequently. Environmental problems have become one of the global problems that human beings are facing, which has aroused the universal concern of all countries. The essence of environmental problems is the problem of development. In order to realize the coordinated development of human beings and the environment, create a beautiful home and rebuild beautiful mountains and rivers, we must take the road of sustainable development. In recent years, with the increase of national infrastructure construction, mine construction has been rapid development, and the impact on the environment caused by more and more social attention. Infrastructure plays a very important role in social and economic development, but it also has a serious impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the ecological environment, save land, and deal with the relationship with society and economy, so as to realize the sustainable development of traffic environment and build our country into a socialist harmonious society.

前 言

土木工程的目的是形成人类生产或生活所需要的、功能良好且舒适美观的空间和通道。它既是物质方面的需要，也有象征精神方面的需求。随着社会的发展，工程结构越来越大型化、复杂化，超高层建筑、特大型桥梁、巨型大坝、复杂的地铁系统不断涌现，满足人们的生活需求，同时也演变为社会实力的象征。
       当前社会，环境问题已经成为重中之重。人类赖以生存和发展的环境受到严峻挑战，资源的迅猛开发与有效利用，使其在日益枯竭。生态环境遭到了严重破坏，造成各种污染事故频频发生。环境问题已经成为当今人类面临的全球性问题之一，引起了各国的普遍关注。环境问题的实质是发展问题，要实现人类同环境的协调发展，创造美好家园，再造秀美山川，就要走可持续发展的道路。近年来，随着国家对以基础建设力度的加大，矿山建设得到迅猛发展，造成的对环境的影响越来越受到社会的关注。基础建设对社会和经济的发展有着非常重要的劳动作用，但它同时对环境产生严重的影响。因此如何在土木工程建设的同时，保护生态环境，节约土地，并处理好同社会、经济的关系，进而实现交通环境的可持续发展，把我国建设成一个社会主义和谐社会。