Preface

At present, there is no standard definition of nursing concept. With the reform and opening up, great progress has been made in nursing science in China, and the understanding of nursing science has been gradually improved. In 1981, Pei-Yuan Zhou, a famous scholar in China, said, “nursing is an independent discipline, closely related to medical treatment, complementary and complementary to each other.” Nursing expert, Ju-Ying Lin, said, “nursing is an emerging independent discipline, nursing theory gradually formed its own system, and it has its own independent theory and theory and has a clear responsibility to serve the people.”
   With the development of society and the improvement of human living standard, the tasks and objectives of nursing have changed profoundly. The International Law of Nurse Ethics revised in June 1965 stipulates that the rights and obligations of nurses are to protect life, relieve pain and promote health; the only task of nurses is to help patients recover and help healthy people improve their health.
   In the 21st century, the strategy of health development has turned to “health for all”, which marks a significant change in the strategic objectives of health work in the world, that is, from the traditional goal of disease prevention and treatment to the modern goal of improving health and improving people’s health quality. The so-called “health for all” means that all people in the world can achieve the social and economic effective quality of life and quality of life, and keep in good physical, psychological and social conditions. “Health for all” is a constant ideal for the development of human social health, which requires that the concept, method and technology of health care must be constantly updated to make unremitting efforts to realize the ideal.

前 言

目前，护理学概念尚无公认的标准定义。随着改革开放，我国护理学有了很大进展，对护理学的认识逐步提高。 1981 年，我国著名学者周培源说：“护理学是一门独立的学科，与医疗有密切的联系，相辅相成，相得益彰。”护理专家林菊英说：“护理学是一门新兴的独立学科， 护理理论逐渐自成体系， 有其独立的学说和理论，有明确的为人民服务的职责。”
      随着社会的发展和人类生活水平的提高， 护理学的任务和目标已发生深刻的变化。1965 年 6 月修订的《护士伦理国际法》中规定：护士的权利与义务是保护生命，减轻痛苦，促进健康；护士的唯一任务是帮助患者恢复健康，帮助健康人提高健康水平。
       进入 21 世纪，卫生发展的战略转向“人人健康”，这一战略的提出标志着在全球范围内卫生工作战略目标的重大变化，即从防病治病的传统目标转向增进健康、提高人的健康素质的现代目标。所谓“人人健康”，是指使世界上所有人都能达到在社会上和经济上卓有成效的生活质量和生命质量，保持生理、心理和社会方面的完好状态。“人人健康”是一个人类社会卫生发展的永恒理想，要求卫生保健工作必须不断更新观念、方法和技术，为实现理想坚持不懈地努力。