Preface

The construction quality of water retaining structures built on rivers not only affects the life and benefit of buildings, but also relates to the safety of millions of people’s lives and property in the downstream. Once the project fails, it will bring irreparable loss. Therefore, the water conservancy project construction must guarantee the construction quality.
   Water conservancy and hydropower projects are mostly located in remote mountainous areas, sparsely populated and inconvenient for transportation. The workload of construction preparation is large and the preparation period is long. It is not only necessary to build traffic roads and construction plant facilities, but also to build office and living rooms. Therefore, great importance must be attached to the organization of construction preparation to meet the construction requirements and reduce the project investment. The construction of water conservancy projects on rivers often involves the interests of various sectors of the national economy, such as flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, fishing, logging, industrial and urban water use, etc. It is necessary to make overall planning and overall consideration, thus increasing the difficulty and complexity of construction.

The water conservancy and hydropower project is composed of many single projects, with concentrated layout, large quantities, many types of work, high construction intensity, and the limitation of terrain conditions, which is easy to cause construction interference. Therefore, it is necessary to make overall planning, pay attention to the organization and management of site construction, and select the optimal construction scheme according to the time and place by using the principle of system engineering. In the process of water conservancy project construction, the blasting operation, underground operation, underwater operation and high-altitude operation are often carried out in parallel, which is very unfavorable to the construction safety. Therefore, we must pay attention to safety construction and take effective measures to prevent accidents.

前 言

河流上修建的挡水建筑物施工质量不仅影响建筑物的寿命和效益，而且关系着下游千百万人民生命财产的安全。工程一旦失事，会带来不可弥补的损失。因此，水利工程施工必须保证施工质量。
       水利水电工程多处在偏远山区，人烟稀少，交通运输不便。施工准备工作量大，准备期长。不仅要修建场内外交通道路和施工工厂设施，而且要修建办公和生活用房。因此，必须十分重视施工准备工作的组织，使之既满足施工要求又减少工程投资。在河流上修建水利工程，常涉及到国民经济各部门的利益，如防洪、发电、航运、灌溉、过渔、过木、工业与城市用水等。必须全面规划，统筹兼顾，因而增加了施工的困难和复杂性。
       水利水电枢纽工程由许多单项工程所组成，布置比较集中，工程量大、工种多，施工强度高，再加上地形条件方面的限制，容易发生施工干扰。因此，需要统筹规划，重视现场施工的组织和管理，运用系统工程学的原理，因时因地选择最优的施工方案。水利工程施工过程中的爆破作业地下作业、水上水下作业和高空作业等，常常平行交叉进行，对施工安全非常不利。因此，必须十分注意安全施工，采取有效措施，防止事故发生。