Preface

The construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects is closely related to the society and the natural environment, so there are many factors affecting the implementation of the project. It is necessary to grasp the opportunity, reasonably arrange the plan, carefully organize the construction, and timely solve the problems of flood
  control and flood control in construction to ensure safety. First of all, water conservancy and hydropower projects undertake the tasks of retaining, storing and discharging water, so there are special requirements for stability, pressure bearing, seepage prevention, impact resistance, wear resistance, frost resistance, crack resistance and so on. Special construction methods and measures should be adopted according to the technical specifications of water conservancy and hydropower projects to ensure the quality of the project; secondly, water conservancy and hydropower projects have strict requirements on the foundation, and the projects are often located in areas and parts with complex geological conditions. If the foundation treatment is not good, it will leave hidden dangers, which are difficult to remedy afterwards, and special measures need to be taken; moreover, water conservancy and hydropower projects are mostly constructed in rivers, lakes, coastal areas and other water areas, and water and underwater operations should be carried out according to the natural conditions of water flow and the requirements of engineering construction; finally, water conservancy and hydropower projects should make full use of the construction in dry season, which has strong seasonality and necessary construction intensity. Some projects need to take temperature control measures due to the impact of climate to ensure the quality of the project. The water retaining structures built on the river are related to the life and property safety of the people in the downstream. The construction quality of the project will not only affect the life and benefit of the building, but also affect the cost of reconstruction and maintenance. Once the project fails, it will bring irreparable loss to the national economy, life and property. In the history of water conservancy at home and abroad, there are many painful lessons caused by construction quality problems. Therefore, the construction safety and quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects must be guaranteed.

前 言

水利水电工程施工与社会和自然环境关系密切，因而实施工程的影响因素也较多，需要把握时机，合理安排计划，精心组织施工，及时解决施工中的防洪、度汛等问题，确保安全。
       首先，水利水电工程承担挡水、蓄水和泄水的任务，因而对稳定，承压、防渗、抗冲、耐磨、抗冻、抗裂等性能都有特殊要求，需按照水利水电工程的技术规范，采取专门的施工方法和措施，确保工程质量；其次，水利水电工程对地基的要求比较严格，工程又常处于地质条件比较复杂的地区和部位，地基处理不好就会留下隐患，事后难以补救，需要采取专门的措施；再者，水利水电工程多在河道、湖泊、沿海及其他水域施工，需根据水流的自然条件及工程建设的要求进行水上及水下作业；最后，水利水电工程要充分利用枯水期施工，具有很强的季节性和必要的施工强度，有的工程因受气候影响还需采取温度控制措施，以确保工程质量。河流上修建的挡水建筑物，关系着下游人民的生命财产安全。工程的施工质量，不但会影响建筑物的寿命和效益，而且会影响改建和维修的费用。工程一旦失事，对国民经济及生命财产会带来不可弥补的损失。国内外的水利史上不乏因施工质量问题而导致的一些惨痛教训，因此，水利水电工程施工必须保证施工安全与工程质量。