Preface

With the advent of the era of big data, the rapid development of all kinds of information technology and the sharing and integration of massive information provide a lot of data and technical support for the development of urban and rural planning discipline, and bring it into the era of reading, writing and practical operation of massive information space. The promotion of the national new urbanization strategy makes the cause of urban and rural construction continue to prosper. It is of great practical significance to popularize the basic knowledge of urban planning and design.

  Natural resources, such as air, soil, biology, water and mineral resources, are the basis of human survival and the basic guarantee of social stability and economic development. With the rapid growth of global population, the contradiction among population, resources, environment and food is becoming more and more serious, especially in China with a large population. The per capita possession of natural resources in China is low, and the spatial and temporal distribution of resources is unbalanced. With the rapid development of economy, people’s demand for resources is gradually increasing, which inevitably makes the shortage of resources more and more serious. The unreasonable use of resources and the emergence of global change will further aggravate the contradiction between resource shortage and human demand. In addition, the unreasonable utilization of resources and the increase of industrial, agricultural and domestic wastes caused by urban and rural planning have brought serious environmental problems, especially the aggravation of pollution. It is urgent for China to implement the strategy of sustainable development, realize the optimal allocation and sustainable utilization of resources, and coordinate the development of economic society and ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the people’s awareness of resources and environment.

前 言

随着大数据时代的来临，各类信息技术高速发展，海量信息的共享与融合，为城乡规划学科的发展提供大量数据与技术手段支撑，将其带入海量信息空间读写与实际操作的纪元。国家新型城镇化战略的推进，城乡建设事业持续繁荣。推广和普及城市规划与设计的基础知识具有重要的现实意义。
       空气、土壤、生物、水和矿产等自然资源是人类赖以生存的基础，也是社会安定和经济发展的基本保证。随着全球人口数量的急剧增长，人口、资源、环境和粮食之间的矛盾日趋严重，这在人口众多的我国尤为突出。我国自然资源的人均占有量较低、资源的时空分布很不平衡，而且随着经济的高速发展，人们对资源的需求量也在逐步增加，这必然使得资源的短缺程度越来越严重。资源的不合理利用，以及全球变化的出现，将进一步加重资源短缺与人类需求之间的矛盾。此外，城乡规划导致的资源不合理利用和工农业、生活废弃物的增加带来了严重的环境问题，突出表现在污染程度的加剧。这迫切需要我国实行可持续发展战略，实现资源的优化配置和可持续利用，以及经济社会与生态环境的协调发展。为此，必须增强全民的资源环境意识。