Preface

Geological environment generally refers to the comprehensive geological body composed of the earth’s surface rock, soil and groundwater, which is the carrier of land resources and human engineering economic activities. At present, the disturbance of economic construction and resource development to the geological environment is increasingly strong, and the geological environment problem is more and more prominent. Although geological environment monitoring has achieved some results in the past 10 years, it still can not meet the needs of social and economic development and people’s safe life. Especially in the construction of geological environment monitoring system, there are some problems to be solved.

Generally speaking, “environment” refers to people’s surroundings and related things. But for different objects and disciplines, the content of environment is also different. For example, in biology, the environment refers to the climate, ecosystem, surrounding groups and other populations around an organism. For architecture, environment refers to indoor conditions and landscape conditions around buildings. For geology, environment refers to the groundwater, natural gas, oil, soil and rock on the surface of the earth. This kind of geological environment is called “geological environment”. It is the carrier of land, mineral, forest, ocean and other land resources, and it is an important part of the natural environment.
  China is in a period of rapid economic growth. The relative shortage of cultivated land, fresh water, energy and important mineral resources that restrict economic and social development will make the contradiction between economic development and geological environment protection more prominent. The problems of land occupation and destruction,groundwater overdraft, water and soil pollution, frequent geological disasters will exist for a long time. Geological environment monitoring work will bear more important responsibility, it is the “eye” of land resources development and geological environment protection. Therefore, it is very necessary and urgent to improve the geological environment monitoring system as soon as possible and enhance the service ability of geological environment monitoring results for land resources development and utilization and geological environment protection.

前 言

地质环境一般是指地球表层岩石、土壤以及地下水等组成的综合地质体，它是国土资源和人类工程经济活动的承载体。当前，我国经济建设与资源开发对地质环境的扰动日益强烈， 地质环境问题愈加突出。 虽然地质环境监测工作在近 10 年取得一些成效，但仍然不能满足社会经济发展和人民安全生活的需求，特别是在地质环境监测体系建设方面存在一些亟待解决的问题。
       一般地讲，“环境”是指人们所处的周围地方与有关事物。但对不同的对象和学科来说，环境所包含的内容也不相同。例如对生物学来说，环境是指生物周围的气候、生态系统、周围群体和其他种群。对建筑学来说，环境是指室内条件和建筑物周围的景观条件。对地质学来说，环境是指地球表层的地下水、天然气、石油、土壤和岩石等。针对地质学的这种环境称为“地质环境”，它是土地、矿产、森林、海洋等各类国土资源的承载体，是自然环境的重要组成部分。
       我国正处于经济高速增长期，制约经济社会发展的耕地、淡水、能源和重要矿产资源相对不足，将会使经济建设发展与地质环境保护的矛盾更加突出，矿区土地占用与破坏、地下水超采、水土污染、地质灾害频发等问题将长期存在。地质环境监测工作将会承担更重要的责任，它是国土资源开发与地质环境保护的“眼睛”。所以尽快健全完善地质环境监测体系，提升地质环境监测成果为国土资源开发利用与地质环境保护的服务能力是非常必要和非常紧迫的。