Preface

Medical laboratory technology is to examine the patient’s blood, body fluids, secretions, excreta and sloughs through visual observation, physical, chemical, instrumental or molecular biological methods. It emphasizes the implementation of strict quality management measures during the whole inspection process (before analysis, during analysis, and after analysis), to ensure the quality of the inspection; thereby provide valuable laboratory data for patients. The clinician performs a systematic and thorough physical examination based on the test results or data, combined with the detailed and complete medical history collected, using the data from the above experiments, and then using other auxiliary examinations selected under different causes (such as X-ray, electrocardiogram, ultrasound, isotope, Endoscopy, etc.), scientific thinking and logical analysis to provide objective basis for preventive health care, disease diagnosis, treatment, scientific research accumulation, etc. This is diagnostics. The purpose of diagnosis is achieved through experimental methods, which is called experimental diagnosis. In recent years, with the development of basic medicine, clinical medicine, and bioengineering, medical testing has realized the four modernizations, namely, Total Laboratory Automation (TLA), diversification of reagents, standardization of inspection methods, and rapid bedside inspection, in order to push the development of medical laboratory towards the direction of high theory, high technology and high level. Therefore, at present, the world combines inspection and diagnosis together to form “Laboratory Medicine”.
  Laboratory medicine is an applied discipline that based on multiple disciplines such as biology, biochemistry, pathology, microbiology, immunology, and molecular biology and serves for clinical disciplines. Many laboratory medicine organizations in Europe, the United States, and Japan have established many institutes of clinical chemistry and clinical microbiology in the name of Clinical Pathology. In addition to the participation of technical personnel, there are also a certain number of chemistry, toxicology, microbiology and clinicians participating in laboratory technology, quality management, development of new projects, and scientific research. With the rapid development of science and technology (such as informatics and microcomputer technology), the relationships among disciplines have become increasingly close, and disciplines correlate with each other, resulting in many new disciplines, such as immunohematology and immunochemistry. We have reasons to believe that laboratory medicine will enter a new period of rapid development in the future.

前 言

医学检验（临床检验）（Clinical Laboratory Technology）是将病人的血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物和脱落物等标本，通过目视观察、物理、化学、仪器或分子生物学方法检测，并强调对检验全过程（分析前、分析中、分析后）采取严密质量管理措施以确保检验质量；从而为临床、为病人提供有价值的实验资料。临床医师根据检验结果或数据，结合他所采集的详细完整病史，进行系统周密的体格检查，运用上述实验的资料，再利用在不同病因下选择的其他辅助检查（如 X 线、心电图、超声波、同位素、内窥镜等）所提供的结果，进行科学思维及逻辑性分析，为预防保健、疾病诊断、治疗、科研积累等提供客观依据，这就是诊断学。通过实验方法达到诊断目的，即称实验诊断。近年来，随着基础医学、临床医学、生物工程学等发展， 医学检验实现了四化， 即全实验室自动化（Total Laboratory Automation， TLA） 、试剂多样化、检查方法标准化、床边检查快速化，促使医学检验朝着高理论、高科技、 高水平方向发展。 因此， 目前全球将检验与诊断结合， 形成“检验医学”（LaboratoryMedicine）。
      检验医学是一门以生物学、生物化学、病理学、微生物学、免疫学与分子生物学等多专业为基础，面向临床各科的多学科结合的应用学科。欧、美、日不少检验医学组织以临床病理（Clinical Pathology）命名，成立临床化学、临床微生物学研究所。除技术人员参加外，还有一定数量的化学、毒理、微生物及临床医师共同参与检验技术、质量管理、开发新项目、科研等工作。随着科学技术（如信息学、微机技术）的迅猛发展，各学科间关系日趋紧密，学科之间相互交叉渗透，产生不少新的学科，如免疫血液学、免疫化学等。我们有理由深信，检验医学在今后必将进入快速发展的新时期。