Preface

  Water is an indispensable and important material for human beings and all living things. It is also an irreplaceable and precious natural resource for industrial and agricultural production, economic development and environmental improvement. However, the shortage of water resources, flood disasters and water environment pollution are becoming increasingly serious, which forces human beings to pay attention to the protection and utilization of water resources and water environment. Water environment is one of the basic elements of the environment, is an important place for the survival and development of human society, and is also the most seriously disturbed and damaged area by human beings. At present, based on the evaluation of regional water resources, scientific researchers begin to study the rational planning, scientific management and effective protection of water resources from the perspective of optimizing the benefits of water resources system, so as to coordinate the water demand of water resources with the water resources carrying capacity of regional environment, and realize the sustainable utilization and coordinated development of water resources.
    This book mainly describes the related knowledge of hydrology and water resources, and introduces the development, management and protection of water environment. The development of national economy and the improvement of human living standards are restricted by the state of water resources. The reasonable development and utilization, effective protection and management of water resources is an important guarantee to maintain the sustainable utilization and virtuous cycle of water resources, and also the key to maintain social progress and sustainable development of national economy. In the past decade, the situation of water resources in the world has been deteriorating, the shortage of water resources is serious, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become increasingly prominent. The direct causes are the blind and disorderly development and utilization of water resources, the unreasonable layout of development and utilization projects, especially the uncontrolled expansion of exploitation and utilization, poor management, and ineffective protection measures. Effective and rational use of water resources, protection and management of water resources has become an important research topic in the field of world water resources research.

前 言

水是人类及一切生物赖以生存的不可缺少的重要物质，也是工农业生产、经济发展和环境改善不可替代的极为宝贵的自然资源。但目前水资源短缺、洪涝灾害、水环境污染等问题日益严重，这迫使人类必须重视水资源与水环境的保护与利用。水环境是构成环境的基本要素之一，是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要场所，也是受人类干扰和破坏最严重的领域。当前科研人员在评价区域水资源的基础上，从水资源系统发挥的效益最佳化角度出发，开始研究水资源的合理规划、科学管理和有效保护，使水资源的用水需求尽量与区域环境的水资源承载能力相协调，实现水资源的可持续利用与协调发展。
        本文主要讲述了水文水资源的相关知识，介绍了水环境的开发、管理与保护的内容。国民经济的发展和人类生活水平的提高受水资源状态的制约。水资源的合理开发利用、有效保护与管理是维持水资源可持续利用、良性循环的重要保证，也是维持社会进步、国民经济可持续发展的关键所在。近十几年来，世界范围内水资源状况不断恶化，水资源短缺严重，供需矛盾日益突出，产生的直接原因是盲目和无序地开发利用水资源， 开发利用工程布置不合理， 尤其是无节制地扩大开采利用量、管理不善、保护措施不力。有效合理地利用水资源、保护和管理水资源成为世界水资源研究领域的重要研究课题。