Preface

Forestry engineering project is a decision-making and implementation activity combining forestry investment behavior with forestry construction behavior, which is affected by human, financial, material, time, technology, information and other resources. The project is complex in management and needs to be completed by several units. In order to learn from foreign advanced technology and management experience, Chinese governments at all levels have started a number of forestry construction projects with world bank loans since 1980s. The implementation of these forestry projects with loans from international financial organizations has effectively made up for the lack of investment in forestry and accelerated the cultivation of forest resources in China. More importantly, in the process of using loans from international financial organizations to implement forestry projects, advanced technology and management concepts have been gradually introduced, especially the concept of environmental protection and management has been continuously strengthened. Now the environmental protection work of forestry projects has been improved, and the impact on biodiversity, soil erosion and water and soil pollution has been minimized, gradually achieved the goal of ecological and green, and provided more high-quality ecological products to the society. The implementation of environmental protection measures is very important for the implementation of the concepts of “harmonious coexistence between man and nature”, “respect for nature, conform to nature, protect nature”, and so on. It is the key for forestry construction to step into the road of production development, good ecology, and healthy environment.
        This book mainly introduces the related contents of ecological environment construction system from the perspective of forest resources development and protection. Environmental ecological engineering is a science that studies how to build, restore and repair the ecosystem, and how to manage and strengthen the self purification function of the ecosystem, so as to protect the natural environment and solve the problem of environmental pollution. Environmental ecological engineering is a technical subject to promote the harmonious coexistence of human and nature. Different from environmental engineering, the implementation object of environmental ecological engineering is ecosystem, which uses the basic principles of ecology, the implementation method is the design, management and auxiliary engineering measures of ecosystem, and plays the environmental purification function of ecosystem itself. Therefore, although the reaction rate and pollution control efficiency of environmental ecological engineering are generally low, it can save cost and energy consumption, and has simple management, so it is especially suitable for non-point source pollution control, which is complementary to the environmental engineering technology of point source pollution control.

前 言

林业工程项目是一种林业投资行为和林业建设行为相结合的决策与实施活动，受人力、财力、物力、时间、技术、信息等多种资源的影响；项目在管理上具有复杂性，需要由若干单位共同协作完成。为借鉴国外先进的技术和管理经验，中国各级政府从 20 世纪 80 年代开始，利用世界银行贷款相继启动实施了一批林业工程建设项目，这些国际金融组织贷款林业项目的实施，有效弥补了林业资金投入不足的问题，加快了我国森林资源培育。更重要的是，在利用国际金融组织贷款实施林业项目的过程中，先进的技术与管理理念逐渐被引入，特别是环境保护与管理的理念得到不断强化，现在实施的林业项目的环境保护工作得到了提高，最大限度地降低了对生物多样性、水土流失、水土资源污染的影响，逐步实现了生态、绿色的目标，给社会提供了更多的优质生态产品。环保措施的落实对贯彻实施“人与自然和谐共生”“尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然”等理念至关重要，是林业建设步入生产发展、生态良好、环境健康之途的关键所在。
         本文主要从森林资源开发与保护的角度介绍了生态环境建设体系的相关内容。环境生态工程是研究如何新建、恢复、修复生态系统，以及如何管理、强化生态系统的自净功能，从而保护自然环境和解决环境污染问题的一门学问。环境生态工程是促进人类与自然的和谐共存的一门技术学科。与环境工程不同，环境生态工程的实施对象为生态系统，运用的是生态学的基本原理，实施方法为生态系统的设计、管理以及辅助性的工程学措施， 发挥的是生态系统本身具有的环境净化功能。 因此，环境生态工程尽管反应速率和治污效率一般较低，但节省成本和能量消耗，管理简单，特别适合于面源污染治理，从而与治理点源污染的环境工程技术形成互补。