Preface

Since the reform and opening up, our country has established a basic national policy centered on economic construction and increased the scale of capital construction investment. In this context, highway construction, especially the construction of high-grade highways and bridges, has developed rapidly. In addition, with the increasing progress of urbanization, municipal roads and subway projects have also developed vigorously. The rapid development of the transportation industry means that the demand for road and bridge professional and technical personnel has increased. Therefore, the improvement of our country’s road and bridge construction technology has become an inevitable trend of development.
        The construction of urban facilities is the basis of forming and improving urban functions and playing the role of city center. It is the basic condition for revitalizing the local economy, improving the living environment in cities, and improving the quality of the city. The characteristics of municipal facilities engineering determine that the construction funds mainly come from the national investment and local financing. However, compared with the huge capital demand of urban construction, the investment of these funds is limited. Therefore, the municipal builders must strive to pursue the following points: to determine the cost of municipal engineering economically and reasonably, to improve the use efficiency of funds, to calculate the project quantity relatively accurately, to improve the level of cost preparation, to scientifically reflect the actual cost expenditure of the project.
        At present, with the development of economy, our country’s road and bridge tunnel engineering has entered a new stage of development. The number of kilometers of tunnel construction is becoming longer and the landform features are more special, which puts forward new requirements for the construction of road and bridge tunnels. The construction technology requirements of the construction personnel are more stringent, so this book gives an overview of the technology used in the construction of bridges and tunnels, hoping to be helpful in the construction of roads, bridges and tunnels.
      All in all, highway bridge tunnel engineering needs to go through tedious and complicated work links. Therefore, the process of construction design preparation, the technical management process of the construction, and the quality of work during construction must be guaranteed. We must treat the construction of the project rigorously, and constantly discover problems and make timely improvements during the construction process. This is the most important factor to ensure the efficient and high-quality construction of highway bridges and tunnels. Only in this way, can the construction period be shortened, costs be reduced, and the efficiency of the entire project be improved.

前 言

改革开放以来，我国确立了以经济建设为中心的基本国策，加大了基本建设投资规模。在此背景下，公路建设事业，尤其是高等级公路和桥梁建设得到快速发展。此外，随着城镇化进程的日益推进，市政道路与地铁工程也得到了蓬勃发展。运输行业的高速发展决定了大量路桥专业技术人才的需求缺口，提高我国路桥的施工技术成为发展的必然趋势。
         城市设施建设是形成和完善城市功能、发挥城市中心作用的基础，它是搞活本地区经济，改善城市居住生活环境，提高城市品位的基本条件。市政设施工程的本身特点决定了其建设资金主要来自国家的投入和地方的资金筹措，而这些资金的投入与城市建设庞大的资金需求相比是有限的， 因此， 经济合理地确定市政工程造价、提高资金的使用效益、相对准确地计算工程量、不断提高造价编制水平，科学地反映工程的实际费用支出，是市政建设者必须努力和追求的方向。
         目前，我国的道路桥梁隧道工程随着经济的发展已经进入了一个新的发展阶段，隧道施工的公里数日趋变长，地貌特征也更加特别，这就对道路桥梁隧道施工提出了新的要求，对施工人员的施工技术也更加严苛，因此对于桥梁与隧道施工种所运用的技术进行概述，希望能在道路桥梁以及隧道施工工程中尽到绵薄之力。
         总而言之，公路桥梁隧道工程需要经过烦琐而复杂的工作环节，所以，不管是在对施工进行设计准备时，还是在施工的过程中对其进行技术管理或是施工进行时的作业质量都要有所保证，要严谨的对待在施工的过程中不断地发现问题并及时改进，这是确保公路桥梁隧道施工高效高质量进行的最主要的因素，缩短工期、降低成本，提高整个工程的效益。