Preface

Civil engineering materials refer to all kinds of materials used in civil engineering. Engineering materials are the material basis of civil engineering. The performance and quality of engineering materials directly affect the basic requirements of firmness, applicability, economy and aesthetics of engineering. In the civil engineering cost, the material cost accounts for a large proportion, generally about 60%. If we can use the building materials economically and reasonably, reduce the loss, we can reduce the project cost and improve the economic benefits.
      In the process of engineering design and construction, it is bound to be restricted by the variety and performance of engineering materials, and the emergence of new materials promotes the development of architectural and structural forms, the improvement of structural design methods and the innovation of construction technology. The progress of material science and technology promotes the development of building engineering technology; the emergence of light and high strength materials promotes the development of modern buildings to high-rise and large span. With the development of new thermal insulation materials, waterproof materials, sound-absorbing materials and various decorative materials, the functions of buildings have been improved.
     All buildings and structures are made of different materials. Materials with different properties play different roles in various parts, such as structural materials should have required mechanical properties; roof materials should have thermal insulation and impermeability; ground materials should have wear resistance; materials exposed to atmospheric environment for a long time should be able to withstand wind, rain, sunlight, freezing and so on, that is to say, they have good durability. Mastering the nature of civil engineering materials is the basis of scientific design and construction.
    Civil engineering materials can be divided into narrow sense of civil engineering materials and broad sense of civil engineering materials. In a narrow sense, civil engineering materials refer to all materials directly used to build civil engineering entities, which is also the content of this book. In a broad sense, civil engineering materials refer to all the materials used in the process of civil engineering construction.

前 言

土木工程材料是指在土木工程中使用的各种材料的总称。工程材料是土木工程的物质基础。工程材料的性能和质量直接影响到工程的坚固、适用、经济和美观等方面的基本要求。在土木工程造价中，材料费所占的比例很大，一般在 60%左右。若能经济合理地使用建筑材料，减少损耗，就能降低工程成本，提高经济效益。
        在工程设计和施工过程中必然要受到工程材料在品种和性能等方面的制约，而新型材料的出现又促进建筑和结构形式的发展、结构设计方法的改进和施工技术的革新。材料科学技术的进步推动了建筑工程技术的发展;轻质高强材料的出现，推动了现代建筑向高层、大跨度发展。新型保温绝热材料、防水材料、吸声材料以及各种装饰材料的不断产生，使建筑物的各项功能得到了提高。
        所有的建筑物、构筑物都是由不同的材料建造而成的。不同性质的材料在各个部位发挥着不同的作用，如结构材料应具有所需要的力学性能；屋面材料应具有绝热、抗渗性能；地面材料应具有耐磨性能；对于长期暴露于大气环境中的材料，要求能经受风吹、雨淋、日晒、冰冻等，即具有良好的耐久性。掌握土木工程材料的性质是科学设计和施工的基础。
        土木工程材料可分为狭义的土木工程材料和广义的土木工程材料。狭义的土木工程材料是指直接用于建造土木工程实体的所有材料， 这也是本书所要介绍的内容。广义的土木工程材料是指土木工程建设过程中所用到的所有材料。