Preface

With the continuous deepening of our country’s reform and opening up and the rapid development of economic construction, the construction industry has become a major economic industry field, which has sprung up and is in the ascendant. However, with the development of the construction industry and the diversification of building functions, the occurrence of building fires is on the rise, and vicious cases also occur from time to time, which has brought great harm to the life and property safety of the country and the people. Through analysis, it is found that most of the reasons for the increase in losses caused by building fires are that the building design does not meet the requirements of fire protection technical specifications, and the fire protection facilities, smoke prevention facilities, and automatic fire detection and alarm devices are not perfect, so that the fire protection equipment does not play its due role. The severity and huge hazards of building fires remind and warn professional designers that they must pay attention to the safety design work of building fire prevention and fire protection in order to minimize the loss of fire. And fire protection design is an important part of building fire protection. Designers and construction personnel must fully understand and master the basic theories and methods of building fire prevention and fire protection, in order to make full use of fire protection theory, technology and specifications in their work, and do a good job in fire protection design, construction and management. 

Building water supply and drainage engineering is a branch of water supply and drainage engineering, as well as a branch of construction and installation engineering. It is mainly a subject that studies the water supply and drainage problems inside the building and guarantees the function and safety of the building. Building water supply and drainage projects are mainly divided into building water supply system, building water drainage system (including rainwater, sewage and wastewater), fire hydrant water supply system, automatic sprinkler system, heating system, hot water system, reclaimed water system, etc.
       In the past ten years, with the advancement of science and technology, under the continuous innovation and practice of building water supply and drainage engineering technicians, building water supply and drainage engineering has achieved some major scientific and technological achievements in theory and engineering practice, and has made significant technological progress. This article mainly starts from two aspects. One is building water supply and drainage and the other is fire protection engineering. It explores how to plan and arrange building facilities more reasonably during the construction process, so as to reduce the incidence of building fires and reduce the losses caused by disasters.

前 言

随着我国改革开放的不断深入和经济建设的迅速发展，建筑行业已成为主要的经济产业领域，如雨后春笋，方兴未艾。但随着建筑业的发展和建筑功能形式的多样化，建筑火灾也呈上升趋势，恶性案件时有发生，给国家和人民的生命财产带来了很大的危害。分析建筑火灾造成损失增大的原因，多数在于建筑设计不符合防火技术规范要求，消防设施、防排烟设施、火灾自动探测报警装置不完善，防火功能设备没有发挥应有的作用所造成。建筑火灾的严重程度和造成的巨大危害，提醒和告诫专业设计入员务必要重视建筑防火与消防的安全设计工作，以便把火灾的损失减小到最低程度。而建筑防火与消防设计又是建筑防火的重要组成部分，设计和施工人员必须充分了解和掌握建筑防火与消防的基本理论和方法，才能在工作中充分利用消防理论、技术和规范，搞好消防设计、施工和管理工作。
        建筑给水排水工程是给水排水工程的一个分支，也是建筑安装工程的一个分支。主要是研究建筑内部的给水以及排水问题，保证建筑的功能以及安全的一门学科。主要分为建筑给水系统，建筑排水系统（含雨水以及污水，废水），消火栓给水系统，自动喷淋灭火系统，供暖系统，热水系统，中水系统等。
       近十年来，随着科技的进步和建筑给排水工程技术人员的不断创新与实践，建筑给水排水工程在理论与工程实践上取得了一些重大科技成果，有了明显的技术进步。本文主要是从建筑给排水和消防工程两个方面入手，探究在建筑过程中更加合理规划和布局建筑设施，从而减少建筑火灾的发生率，减少灾害所造成的损失。