Preface

Exploration engineering is sometimes called exploration technology, which generally refers to the engineering technology related to geological exploration. In addition to the two main aspects of drilling and pit exploration, other projects that must be carried out in order to complete the geological exploration work, such as transportation, repair business, power supply and distribution, also belong to the scope of exploration engineering.
       Drilling engineering is divided into geological exploration drilling and engineering technology drilling. According to the geological design, the former uses the drilling equipment to drill through the rock strata at the predetermined location to obtain the physical data of rock samples, water samples, soil samples and so on, and carries out the underground physical measurement or groundwater dynamic observation through drilling, which is the most widely used in geological exploration. Geology is one of the seven natural sciences, which mainly studies the earth and its origin, evolution and development. Practical application is very extensive: earthquake prediction, all kinds of mineral exploration, exploration, disastrous landslides, paleontological evolution. For any object built on the ground, it is necessary to find out the underground situation in advance. Geological exploration is the discovery of deposits of industrial significance in the general survey of mineral resources. In order to find out the quality and quantity of mineral resources, as well as the technical conditions for mining and utilization, provide mineral reserves and geological data needed for mine construction and design, and investigate and study the geological conditions of rocks, strata, structures, minerals, hydrology and geomorphology in a certain area.
      Among them, physical exploration is called “geophysical exploration” for short. It is based on the differences of density, magnetism, electricity, elasticity, radioactivity and other physical properties of various rocks and ores. Different physical methods and geophysical instruments are used to detect the changes of natural or artificial geophysical fields. Through analyzing and studying the geophysical data obtained, the geological structure and mineral distribution can be inferred and explained. The main geophysical methods include gravity exploration, magnetic exploration, electrical exploration, seismic exploration, radioactive exploration, etc. According to the different working space, it can be divided into ground geophysical prospecting, aviation geophysical prospecting, marine geophysical prospecting, borehole geophysical prospecting and so on.

前 言

探矿工程有时也称勘探技术，一般泛指地质勘探工作中有关的工程技术。除钻探和坑探两个主要方面外，凡为了完成地质勘探工作而必须进行的其他工程，如交通运输、修配业务、动力供配等，也都属探矿工程的范畴。其中钻探工程又分为地质勘探钻进和工程技术钻进两种。前者根据地质设计，在预定地点，利用钻探设备钻穿岩层，取得岩样、水样、土样等实物资料，并通过钻孔进行地下物理测量或地下水动态观测等，在地质勘探中应用最广。
       "地质"，准确的应叫地质学，习惯了就叫地质。地质学是七大自然科学之一，主要是研究地球及其成因和演化发展。实际应用是非常广泛的:地震的预测、各类矿产的寻找、勘探，灾害性的滑坡，古生物的演化。凡是建筑在地面上的物体，都要事先搞清楚地下的情况。地质勘探是在对矿产普查中发现有工业意义的矿床，为查明矿产的质和量，以及开采利用的技术条件，提供矿山建设设计所需要的矿产储量和地质资料，对一定地区内的岩石、地层、构造、矿产、水文、地貌等地质情况进行调查研究工作。
       其中物理勘探简称"物探"，是以各种岩石和矿石的密度、磁性、电性、弹性、放射性等物理性质的差异为研究基础，用不同的物理方法和物探仪器，探测天然的或人工的地球物理场的变化，通过分析、研究获得的物探资料，推断、解释地质构造和矿产分布情况。主要的物探方法有重力勘探、磁法勘探、电法勘探、地震勘探、放射性勘探等。依据工作空间的不同，又可分为地面物探、航空物探、海洋物探、井中物探等。