Preface

At present, China is in an important period of economic construction and accelerated development of urbanization. The scale of construction industry is increasing year by year, and its employees have become the largest industrial labor group in China. With the increasing complexity of construction projects, the connotation of safety production has changed greatly. In general, the importance of building safety accident prevention is increasing, and the difficulty is also increasing. How to ensure the safety production of construction engineering, avoid or reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and protect the safety and health of employees, is a major issue to be solved in the field of engineering construction.
         From the perspective of the causes of construction engineering safety accidents in China, it mainly involves the unsafe behavior of people, the unsafe state of objects, the lack of management and environmental impact. It specifically includes that the design does not conform to the specification, illegal command and operation, construction equipment has potential safety hazards, improper construction technical measures, no safety precautions or can not be implemented in place, no safety technical disclosure, low quality of employees, no safety technology education and training, insufficient investment or misappropriation of safety production funds, unclear safety responsibility, and unsound emergency rescue mechanism, etc. Among them, the vast majority of accidents are caused by employees’ illegal operation. The root cause of these problems lies in the lack of technical and management talents in the construction industry. Construction project management personnel lack of systematic basic theory of construction safety technology and management and knowledge of safety production laws and regulations, and can't educate and train the front-line staff on systematic basic knowledge of safety technology and accident prevention. The safety awareness of employees is weak and they lack of necessary safety awareness and emergency rescue ability.
       Based on this, this paper analyzes the safety and practicability of modern buildings from the perspective of design and practice, and it is rooted in social influence and service delivery, hoping to achieve the effect of attracting talents.

前 言

当前，我国正处在经济建设和城市化加速发展的重要时期，建筑行业规模逐年增加，其从业人员已成为我国最大的行业劳动群体；建筑项目复杂程度越来越高，其安全生产工作的内涵也随之发生了重大变化。总的来看，建筑安全事故防范的重要性越来越大，难度也越来越高。如何保证建筑工程安全生产，避免或减少安全事故的发生，保护从业人员的安全和健康，是我国当前工程建设领域亟待解决的重大课题。
        从我国建设工程安全事故发生起因来看，主要涉及人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态、管理缺失及环境影响等几大方面，具体包括设计不符合规范、违章指挥和作业、施工设备存在安全隐患、施工技术措施不当、无安全防范措施或不能落实到位、未作安全技术交底、从业人员素质低、未进行安全技术教育培训、安全生产资金投入不足或被挪用、安全责任不明确、应急救援机制不健全等等，其中，绝大多数事故是从业人员违章作业所致。造成这些问题的根本原因在于建筑行业中从事建筑安全专业的技术和管理人才匮乏，建设工程项目管理人员缺乏系统的建筑安全技术与管理基础理论及安全生产法律法规知识，不能对广大一线工作人员进行系统的安全技术与事故防范基础知识的教育与培训，从业人员安全意识淡薄，缺乏必要的安全防范意识以及应急救援能力。
        基于此，本文从设计与实践两个角度对现代建筑安全性与实用性展开分析，并植根于社会影响力和服务提供力，希望能达到抛砖引玉的效果。