Water is an important component of nature, the source of life, the important resource indispensable for human life and social development, and the most active element in the ecological environment. Affected by climate, China's water resources are unevenly distributed in time and space. The amount of water between different regions, between different years of the same region, and between flood seasons and dry seasons of a year differ greatly, resulting in the contradictions of water inflow and water use happen frequently. In order to cope with this contradiction, realize the redistribution of water resources in terms of time and regions, so as to implement flood storage and recovery, to make up for shortages with abundance, to eliminate floods and droughts, and to develop irrigation, power generation, water supply, shipping, aquaculture, tourism and ecological environment conservation etc., it is necessary for different sectors of national economy to build place-based water storage, water diversion, water pumping or inter-basin water transfer. With these, our water resources will be reasonably developed, utilized, and protected.
  In recent years, with the formulation and implementation of a series of water conservancy and hydropower engineering regulations, norms, and rules, the basic construction procedures of water conservancy and hydropower have been further standardized, and the quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects and the overall construction level have been improved and guaranteed. However, as the front-line workers of water conservancy and hydropower construction, especially the quality inspection and control personnel who are responsible for the control and guarantee of the project quality, it is difficult for them to get familiar with new regulations and specifications quickly and use them freely in actual work; meanwhile they will feel hard to apply new materials, new technology, and new methods to improve the scientific character of engineering construction activities. In many years of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction practice, the author deeply understands that front-line quality inspectors urgently need a book that can systematically, aggressively and scientifically solve the above practical problems.

前 言

水是大自然的重要组成物质，是生命的源泉，是人类生活和社会发展不可缺少的重要资源，也是生态环境中最活跃的要素。中国水资源受气候影响，在时间、空间上分布不均匀，不同地区之间，同一地区不同年份之间以及年内汛期和枯水期的水量相差很大，导致来水和用水之间不相适应的矛盾频频发生。国民经济各部门为了解决这一矛盾，实现水资源在时间、地区上的重新分配，做到蓄洪补枯、以丰补缺，消除水旱灾害，发展灌溉、发电、供水、航运、养殖、旅游和维持生态环境等事业，都需要因地制宜地修建蓄水、引水、提水或跨流域调水工程，以使水资源得到合理的开发、利用和保护。
      近年来，随着一系列水利水电工程规程、规范和规章制度的制订实施，进一步规范了水利水电基本建设程序，提高和保证了水利水电工程质量，以及整体建设的水平。但是，作为水利水电建设的一线工作人员，尤其是控制和保证工程质量的质量检查和控制人员，很难尽快熟悉掌握新的规程规范，并在实际工作中自如运用；同时难以将新材料、新技术、新工艺、新方法应用于提高工程建设活动的科学性中。作者在多年水利水电工程建设实践中深切地认识到一线质量检查员迫切需要一本能系统、先进、科学解决以上实际问题的工具书。

With the rapid development of China’s social economy, the development of different industries has achieved remarkable results, and so does water conservancy project industry. Different from the ordinary construction project, the implementation process of water conservancy project and construction project is different, of course, there are also some functional differences. Water conservancy project plays a key role in the development of agriculture in China. In recent years, China’s water conservancy construction has gradually introduced advanced technology, which can effectively improve the level of water conservancy construction. However, there are still some problems in the process of economic management of water conservancy projects that need to be solved urgently. This book has mainly discussed the current situation of economy and management of Water Conservancy Project, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, hoping to effectively improve the quality of management of water conservancy project, and promote the sustainable development of China’s water conservancy industry in China.
  Water conservancy project is an important part of the development of water conservancy, which plays a very important role in the reasonable distribution and use of water resources and the safety of life and property of residents in the lower reaches of the river. However, nowadays, with the rapid development, there are still many problems in the implementation of water conservancy projects and economic management, which hinder the long-term and stable development of water conservancy projects to a certain extent. Therefore, we need to carry out reform and innovation in this work, improve the understanding of water conservancy project economic management, accelerate the improvement of management level in the process of continuous learning and development, and promote the long-term stable development of water conservancy project industry.

前 言

伴随着我国社会经济的飞速发展，不同行业的发展也取得了较为显著的成效，水利工程行业的发展也取得了较好的效果。与普通的建筑工程不同的是，水利工程与建筑工程的落实过程不同，当然也存在一些功能上的不同，水利工程在我国农业发展过程中起到了关键作用。 最近几年， 我国水利建设工作逐渐引入了先进的技术，这样能够有效提升我国水利工程建设水平，然而水利工程的经济管理过程中依然存在一些问题急需解决。本书主要论述了水利工程经济管理现状，然后提出了相应的解决对策，希望能够有效提升我国水利工程建设管理工作质量，并推动我国水利行业的可持续发展。
      水利工程是在水利事业发展中的重要一部分，其与水资源的合理分配与使用，保证河流下游居民的生命财产安全方面发挥了十分重要的作用。但是在快速发展的今天，水利工程项目的进行和经济管理方面依然存在着许多的问题，一定程度上阻碍了水利工程对的长期稳定的发展。 因此， 需要在此工作中进行改革与创新的工作，将水利工程经济管理工作进行认识程度的提升，在不断学习与发展过程中加快提升管理水平，促进水利工程行业的长期稳定发展。

Water is an important part of natural resources, which is the main material basis of the structure and life activities of all organisms. From a global perspective, water is the link that connects all ecosystems. Natural ecosystems can not only control the flow of water, but also continuously promote the purification and circulation of water. Therefore, water in the natural environment is of decisive significance for the survival of organisms and human beings. At the same time, water is an indispensable and precious natural resource for human beings. It is an irreplaceable and extremely precious natural resource for industrial and agricultural production, economic development and environmental improvement. It plays an important role in the development of human society. The water environment is one of the basic elements that constitute the environment and an important place for the survival and
development of human society. In recent years, with the development of production and population growth, natural water pollution has intensified, and the contradiction between water supply and demand has become increasingly acute. In order to ensure water safety, predict and evaluate the water environment quality, and carry out water environmentalprotection planning has become an indispensable content of project planning, design, management and water pollution control which has a very important significance and role in ensuring the sustainable development of economy and society.

This article mainly describes the investigation and evaluation of water environment and the prevention and control of water pollution. The implementation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) has indeed made a lot of contributions to China's environmental protection. It is one of the effective measures to control the occurrence of new pollution. It requires scientific prediction and evaluation of the possible environmental problems before the formal occurrence of social and economic activities, and puts forward effective technical measures and regulations to prevent and control environmental damage, so as to nip in the bud.

前 言

水是自然资源的重要组成部分，是所有生物的结构组成和生命活动的主要物质基础。从全球范围来讲，水是连接所有生态系统的纽带，自然生态系统既能控制水的流动，又能不断促使水的净化和循环。因此，水在自然环境中，对于生物和人类的生存来说具有决定性的意义。同时，水是人类不可缺少的非常宝贵的自然资源，是工农业生产、经济发展和环境改善不可替代的极为宝贵的自然资源，它对人类社会的发展起着重要作用。水环境是构成环境的基本要素之一，是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要场所。近年来，随着生产发展和人口增长，天然水体污染加剧，水资源供需矛盾日益尖锐。为了确保用水安全，预测、评价相应的水环境质量状况，进行水环境保护规划， 已成为工程规划设计管理和控制水污染的一项必不可少的内容，这对于保障经济社会的可持续发展具有非常重要的意义和作用。
      本文主要讲述了水环境调查评价和水污染防治的情况。环境影响评价的实施确实为我国的环境保护工作做出了许多贡献， 它是有效地控制新污染发生的措施之一，它要求在社会和经济活动正式发生之前对其可能发生的环境问题给出科学的预测与评价，并提出有效防治环境损害的技术措施及规定，以便防患于未然。

China’s human resource management laws and regulations are not perfect, and state-owned commercial banks also have many historical and social factors. With the rapid development of economic globalization, the relationship between the development of our state-owned commercial banks and human resource management has become increasingly close. Only by continuously deepening the reform and innovation of human resource management, can we better promote the further development of state-owned commercial banks.
  With human resources becoming the strategic resources for commercial banks to survive and develop, the planning of human resources has become a key link in the process of human resources management of commercial banks. Good human resource planning is not only related to the stability of the demand and supply of bank employees, but also the basis for the realization of the long-term development strategic objectives of the bank.

The development and management of human resources in the operation and management of commercial banks in the era of knowledge economy, the development trend of the development and management of human resources in commercial banks should be based on the strategic goal and carry out the development and management of human resources in the height of sustainable development, and human resources should be developed and managed as the most valuable resource of commercial banks. 

Human resources, like material resources, technical resources and management resources, are the basic elements of productivity. Under the circumstances of constantstandardization of management, increasingly fierce competition and further improvement of legal system, commercial banks, as operators of modern monetary credit activities, must have human resources, technical resources and management resources at the same time, in addition to owning and creating good operating capital such as money and capital. We should attach great importance to human resource management and take human resource as a major issue from a strategic perspective.

前 言

我国人力资源管理方面的法律法规还不尽完善，而国有商业银行也存在较多历史及社会因素的制约，在经济全球化高速发展的今天，我们的国有商业银行发展和人力资源管理的关系变得日益密切，只有不断地深化人力资源管理改革与创新，才能够更好地促进国有商业银行的进一步发展。
       伴随人力资源成为商业银行得以生存和发展的战略性资源，人力资源的规划成为商业银行人力资源管理过程中极其关键的环节。良好的人力资源规划，不仅关系到银行员工需求与供给的稳定问题， 更是银行长期发展战略目标够得以实现的基础。
       商业银行经营管理中的人力资源开发与管理知识经济时代下，商业银行的人力资源开发与管理的发展趋势，应当以战略目标在可持续发展的高度上进行人力资源的开发和管理，把人力资源作为最宝贵的一种商业银行资源进行开发与管理。
      人力资源与物资资源、技术资源、管理资源一样，都是生产力的基本要素。在管理不断规范、竞争日益激烈，法制进一步健全的情况下，商业银行作为现代货币信用活动的经营者，除了拥有和营造好货币、资金等经营资本以外，必须同时拥有人力资源、技术资源和管理资源，充分重视人力资源管理，并从战略角度把人力资源当作大事抓好抓落实。

There are two channels for enterprises to obtain talents: one is to recruit from the labor market; the other is to develop the existing employees within the enterprise. It is impossible for enterprises to obtain suitable talents at any time. Therefore, in the long run, the training and development of employees is the key to the sustainable development of enterprises. The growth of talents and the development of organizations are inseparable from training. In order to achieve its goals, enterprises must pay attention to the training and development of employees strategically.
   Practice has proved that the construction of enterprise trainer system has played an important role in improving the quality of enterprise training workers and promoting the construction of modern enterprise training system, which is welcomed by all over the country, all industries, especially enterprises. In order to make the training effective, the training must have the guidance of theory or training experts, use the appropriate training technology, adopt the appropriate training methods, and carry out the work in a planned way according to the standard training process. This requires a comprehensive and thorough grasp of the law and practice of training and development. Therefore, this book covers the whole field of enterprise training and development. This book not only introduces the traditional training methods, but also studies the training and development problems in modern organizations. It summarizes the related contents of training, demonstrates the basic theory and strategic position of training, and looks forward to the challenges and development trend of enterprise training in the next ten or twenty years from a strategic perspective; then it introduces the basic theory and methods of each implementation step in the training and development practice.

前 言

企业获得人才的渠道有两种：一是从劳动力市场招聘；二是对企业内部现有员工进行开发。企业不可能在任何时候都能轻易获得合适的人才，因此，从长远来看，对员工的培训与开发更是企业持续发展的关键。人才的成长与组织的发展都离不开培训，企业为了实现其目标，就必须从战略上重视员工的培训与发展。
      实践证明，企业培训师制度建设工作起到了提高企业培训工作者素质、推动现代企业培训制度建设的作用，深得各地、各行业，特别是企业的欢迎。为了使培训有效，培训必须有理论或培训专家的指引，并使用合适的培训技术，采取恰当的培训方法，按照规范的培训流程有计划地开展工作。这就需要全面彻底地掌握培训与发展的规律和实践，因此本书内容涵盖企业培训与发展的整个领域。本书既介绍了传统的培训方法，同时也研究了现代组织内的培训与发展问题。概述了培训的相关内容，论证了培训的基本理论、战略性地位，并高屋建瓴地展望了今后一二十年企业培训所面临的挑战与发展趋势；然后介绍了培训与开发实践环节中每一实施步骤的基本理论及方法。