Due to the complexity of urban road and bridge construction process, high technical requirements and uneven quality of construction related personnel, these factors lead to a substantial increase in bridge construction risk to varying degrees. In addition, the quality of the maintenance process is directly related to the smooth progress of the entire bridge project.
     As an important part of urban infrastructure construction, the construction and maintenance quality of urban roads and bridges is directly related to the daily work and life of citizens, and even the image of the whole city. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the construction and maintenance technology of urban roads and bridges, to ensure that urban roads and bridges have sufficient loading capacity, and at the same time, to maintain coordination with the beauty of the city, so as to achieve the maximum economic and social benefits. This paper focuses on the analysis of the construction and maintenance technology and quality control of urban roads and bridges, hoping to provide reference for the construction process of urban roads and bridges in China.
      The safe use of bridges is the life of the highway. The maintenance and management of highway bridges is still a weak link in current highway maintenance and management. In order to strengthen the management of highways and bridges, we must establish the idea of “One Hundred Years Plan, Quality First”, and grasp the quality of highway bridge maintenance and management. Not only can it minimize and avoid the hidden dangers that endanger the lives and property of the people, but it is also of great significance to promote the sustainable development of highway traffic.

前 言

由于城市道路桥梁施工过程复杂性较大，对于技术方面的要求也较高，施工相关人员的素质也参差不齐，因而这些因素均不同程度上导致桥梁施工风险的大幅度增加，此外，养护环节的质量情况也直接关系着整个桥梁项目的顺利进行。
        作为城市基础建设中的重要组成部分之一，城市道路桥梁的施工及养护质量直接关系着市民的日常工作及生活，甚至关系着整个城市的形象问题。因此，必须提高城市道路桥梁的施工及养护技术，确保城市道路桥梁具备足够受载能力的同时，还要同城市的美观保持协调，从而发挥出最大的经济及社会效益。本文重点就城市道路桥梁施工及养护技术及其质量控制进行了分析，希望能为我国城市道路桥梁的施工过程提供借鉴。
        桥梁的安全使用是公路的生命。公路桥梁的养护与管理依旧是当前公路养护管理的一个薄弱环节，加强其管理工作，我们要树立“百年大计、质量第一”的思想，抓好公路桥梁养护与管理的质量，不仅可以尽量减少和避免危及人民群众生命财产安全，而且对于促进公路交通的可持续发展有着重要的意义。

As a key part of highway engineering construction, road and bridge engineering plays an important role in promoting the development of China’s traffic construction, and its construction management level has a decisive impact on the quality of road and bridge engineering. In the process of road and bridge construction, the management person must deeply realize the importance of construction management, put the project quality in the first place, establish a correct construction management concept, pay special attention to the construction cost management, establish a perfect project management system, and strictly control the road and bridge engineering quality.
        With the deepening of urban construction, higher requirements are put forward for the construction quality of road and bridge engineering. It is necessary to pay attention to the reasonable formulation and implementation of construction quality control measures. For road and bridge engineering projects, the whole construction process is around its quality and safety, but there are many problems in the actual construction management process, which will lead to the quality objectives can not be achieved. Therefore, it is necessary to establish and improve the management system, comprehensively analyze the engineering construction management, find out the common problems in the construction quality control of engineering construction, constantly innovate the management methods in the construction process, and improve the comprehensive benefits of road pavement engineering project management. Road and bridge engineering is the key project in our country, and road and bridge engineering is the key component of our country's transportation system. Through the construction of this project, it provides great convenience for people’s travel and road transportation, and directly promotes the progress of our society. The construction quality of road and bridge engineering will directly affect the later application effect. Therefore, in order to create a high-quality road and bridge engineering, we must work hard in the construction stage, reduce various problems existing in the construction, and eliminate various factors affecting the construction quality.

前 言

道路桥梁工程作为公路工程建设的关键部分，对我国交通建设发展具有重要推动作用，其施工管理水平高低对道路桥梁工程质量有决定性影响。道路桥梁施工过程中，管理层务必要深刻认识到施工管理的重要性，将工程质量放在首位，树立正确的施工管理理念，特别要注意施工成本管理，建立完善的工程管理体系，严格把控道路桥梁工程质量。
        随着城市建设的不断深入，对路桥工程施工质量提出了更高要求，有必要注重施工质量控制措施的合理制定和实施。对于道路桥梁工程项目来说，整个施工过程都是围绕其质量安全进行的，但是实际施工管理过程存在许多的问题都会导致质量目标无法实现。因此，需要建立完善管理制度，对工程施工管理进行综合分析，找出工建设工程施工质量控制中常见问题，不断创新施工过程中的管理方式，提高道路路面工程项目管理的综合效益。道路桥梁工程是我国的重点工程，道路桥梁工程是我国交通体系中的重点组成部分，通过这项工程的建设，给人们的出行和道路的运输提供了很大的便利条件，直接的推动了我国社会的进步。道桥工程的施工质量会直接的影响到后期的应用效果，所以，要想打造高质量的道桥工程，就必须要在施工阶段下功夫，减少施工中存在的各种问题，排除各种影响施工质量的因素。

As a key part of highway engineering construction, road and bridge engineering plays an important role in promoting the development of our country’s transportation construction, and its construction management level has a decisive impact on the quality of road and bridge engineering. During the construction of roads and bridges, the management must deeply understand the importance of construction management, give priority to engineering quality, establish correct construction management concepts, pay special attention to construction cost management, establish a sound project management system, and strictly control the quality of road and bridge engineering.
      The rapid development of our country’s social economy has accelerated the process of urbanization. The subsequent pressure on urban traffic and roads is increasing, and the construction of urban roads is facing more severe test. Therefore, it is urgent to adjust and improve urban roads. The construction quality of subgrade and pavement has a decisive influence on the safety and stability of urban roads. However, pavement construction has become more and more complicated, and the technical requirements have become more stringent and detailed. Many new problems have appeared in the construction of subgrade and pavement engineering. During the construction of road and bridge projects, the pavement and subgrade must be completed within a short period of time in accordance with the design standards. This can not only promote the construction of the project, but also ensure the rapid development of the market economy. This requires the construction unit to clarify common problems and come up with solutions. The design unit, the supervision unit, and the construction unit are the main participants in the project, and these three parties form a working mode of mutual cooperation and supervision. Based on the actual engineering experience, this book analyzes some common problems of road and bridge quality management, and finds the most correct measures to solve the problems, so as to improve the quality management of subgrade and pavement engineering.

前 言

道路桥梁工程作为公路工程建设的关键部分，对我国交通建设发展具有重要推动作用，其施工管理水平高低对道路桥梁工程质量有决定性影响。道路桥梁施工过程中，管理层务必要深刻认识到施工管理的重要性，将工程质量放在首位，树立正确的施工管理理念，特别要注意施工成本管理，建立完善的工程管理体系，严格把控道路桥梁工程质量。
        我国社会经济的快速发展加速了城市化进程，城市交通道路压力越来越大，城市道路建设面临更严峻的考验。因此，迫切需要调整和完善城市道路。路基路面的施工质量对城市道路的安全和稳定有着决定性的影响，然而路面建设已经变得愈发复杂，技术要求更加严格细致，桥梁道路路基路面工程施工出现了不少新问题。开展路桥项目施工的时候，路面与路基要依照设计标准短期内完成，这不但可以促进项目建设，而且可以保证市场经济迅速发展。这要求建设单位应明确常见问题，得出解决方案。设计单位、监理单位、施工单位是项目的主要参与方，三者形成互相合作与监督的工作方式。本书根据工程实际经验，分析道路桥梁质量管理的一些常见问题， 并基于问题寻找最为正确的解决问题的措施， 完善路基路面工程质量管理。

With the acceleration of the urbanization process, serious pollution problems have appeared in the urban environment, and water pollution has become a key issue of people’s attention. The treatment of urban water pollution in our country is still in its infancy. Various sewage treatment systems are lagging behind, and the sewage treatment facilities cannot give full play to their benefits. These problems have become common problems in sewage treatment. The management of the operation of the sewage treatment system is the basic guarantee for the normal operation of the treatment system.
      Nowadays, the country’s requirements for the construction of the ecological environment are becoming more and more stringent, and the pressure of market competition is increasing. In order to continuously enhance the competitiveness of sewage treatment plants, ensure that pollutants meet the discharge standards, and achieve long-term environmental and social benefits, we should strengthen the daily operation management in the process of urban domestic sewage treatment, so as to reduce costs and increase efficiency.
     The shortage of water resources is a serious problem faced by many places. Therefore, in our lives, people vigorously advocate saving water resources, improving water resources utilization efficiency, and developing water-saving industries, so as to build energy-saving cities. Improving the utilization efficiency of water resources requires not only the innovation of various management systems and the improvement of water resources management systems, but also the establishment of a reasonable water resources management system. We must strengthen the treatment and management of sewage, increase people’s enthusiasm for saving water and preventing water pollution, vigorously promote water-saving technology, and strive for everyone to contribute to the rational use of urban water resources and the beautification of the urban environment.

前 言

随着城镇化进程的加快，导致城市环境出现了严重的污染问题，水资源污染成为人们关注的重点问题。就我国城市水污染的处理而言，尚且处于起步阶段，各种污水处理系统比较滞后，处理污水的设施也不能更好的发挥其应有的效益，这些问题成为污水处理中的共性问题。对污水处理系统的运行情况进行管理是确保处理系统正常运行的基础保障。
        如今，国家对生态环境建设要求日益严苛，且市场竞争的压力越来越大，为了不断增强污水处理厂的竞争力，确保污染物达标排放，实现长久的环保效益和社会效益，应在城镇生活污水处理的过程中加强日常运行管理，从而降本增效。
        水资源短缺是很多地方面临的严重问题，因此，在我们的生活中人们大力倡导节约水资源，提高水资源的利用效率，发展节水型产业，从而更好的建立节约型的城市。提高水资源的利用效率不仅需要进行各种管理制度的创新，改善水资源的管理体系，此外，还需要建立合理的水资源管理体制，加强对污水的处理和管理，提高人们节约用水和防治水污染的积极性，大力推广节水科技，争取每一个人都能够为城市水资源的合理利用和城市环境的美化做贡献。

With the development of the times and the advancement of science and technology, our country’s economy has continued to grow. At present, the introduction of information technology has made the economic activities of enterprises present the characteristics of digitization and networking. There are many new media spaces in the market, such as virtual capital market, virtual bank and so on. Compared with the traditional enterprise financial management mode in China, the enterprise financial management mode based on information technology is more suitable for the development of the current market. Accordingly, the traditional business operation mode of enterprise financial management will formally withdraw from the historical stage of financial management.
      The advent of the big data era has changed the business development model of most companies to a certain extent. The working mechanism of traditional enterprise financial management is too old and backward, which cannot meet the development requirements of the current big data era. The current market competition is becoming more and more fierce. Enterprises need to make full use of the reform and innovation opportunities brought by the changes of the times to innovate the business philosophy of the enterprise, optimize the management model of the enterprise, and better promote the development of the enterprise. And a large number of information-based finance and information-based software will attract people’s attention and become an indispensable part of current enterprise financial management. To this end, the book “Financial Management and Information Technology” has launched a more in-depth discussion on financial management under the background of modern informatization. The author analyzes the specific problems existing in the current financial management of enterprises, and studies the actual requirements of enterprise financial management innovation under the background of the information age. The transformation strategy of enterprise financial management information will become the key reform direction of the current enterprise financial department.

前 言

随着时代的发展，科技的进步，我国经济发展水平处于一个持续增长的阶段。当前，信息化技术的引入，使得企业经济活动朝着数字化、网络化方向靠拢。市场上出现了许许多多全新的媒体空间，较为常见的有虚拟资本市场、虚拟银行等等。同我国传统的企业财务管理模式相比，以信息化技术为转型基础的企业财务管理模式更加适应当前市场的发展，相应的传统的企业财务管理中的商业运转方式将会正式退出财务管理的历史舞台。
        大数据时代的来临在一定程度上改变了大部分企业的经营发展模式。传统的企业财务管理工作机制过于陈旧且落后，无法满足当前大数据时代企业的发展要求。当前市场竞争愈发的激烈，企业需要充分利用时代改变带来的改革创新机会，对企业的经营理念进行创新，优化企业的管理模式，更好地促进企业的发展。而一大批信息化财务信息化软件将会进入人们的视野，成为当前企业财务管理工作中不可缺少的一部分。为此，撰书《财务管理与信息化技术》对现代信息化背景下的财务管理展开更为深入的探讨，分析了当前企业在财务管理工作中存在的具体问题以及信息化时代背景下对企业财务管理创新的实际要求，相信企业财务管理信息化转型战略将会成为当前企业财务部门的重点改革方向。