Since the reform and opening up, the national economy has developed rapidly, the people’s living standard has been greatly improved, and the construction of agricultural industrial engineering has achieved good development. The construction of road and bridge engineering is more and more. With the continuous improvement of highway and railway network, the continuous improvement of transportation demand, the acceleration of urbanization process, and the acceleration of rural urbanization process, the construction requirements of infrastructure such as roads and bridges are higher and higher. Therefore, the improvement of road and bridge design and construction level has become the key. Road and bridge plays an important role in the overall construction process of highway traffic. It is the main control project, which needs the attention of highway traffic construction department and other relevant departments.

前 言

改革开放以来，国民经济发展迅速，人民生活水平有了很大的提高，农业工业工程建设都取得了很好的发展。道路桥梁工程的施工建设也越来越多，随着我国公路、铁路网的不断完善，交通运输需求的不断提高，城市化进程的不断加快，以及农村城镇化进程的加快，对于道路桥梁等基础设施的建设要求越来越高。因此道路桥梁设计与施工水平的提高成为了关键。道路桥梁在公路交通的整体建设过程中扮演着重要的角色，是主体的控制性工程，需要公路交通建设部门以及其他相关部门给予应有的重视。

Urban rail transit is a large volume, fast, punctual and comfortable passenger transport system, which can effectively solve the problems of large cities, large population density, large traffic flow, serious road congestion, frequent traffic accidents and so on. 

With the rapid development of rail transit network construction in some major cities in China, different types of rail transit lines are developing in parallel. The intensive use of new lines, new technologies and new equipment has greatly changed the original mode of operation organization, management and maintenance, showing the increasingly complex structure and scale of the outgoing line network, the diversification of different rail transit line systems and functions, the diversification of train operation modes, and the multiplicity of spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of passenger flow demand.

前 言

城市轨道交通是一种大运量、快速、准时、舒适的客运交通系统，能有效解决大城市、人口密度大、交通流量大、道路拥堵严重、交通事故多发等诸多问题。
      随着国内一些大城市的轨道交通网络化建设进程快速推进，不同类型的轨道交通线路并行发展，新线路、新技术、新设备的密集投入使用，大大改变了原有的运营组织、管理和维护保障模式，呈现出线网结构和规模日趋复杂、不同轨道交通线路制式和功能多元化， 列车运行方式多样化， 客流需求时空分布特点多重性等特征。

Informatization is the trend of the times. In order to improve the efficiency of government organs, reduce the operating costs, and then provide efficient and efficient services for the people and enterprises and institutions, the government is promoting the informatization of government affairs, and promoting the legalization of government affairs activities with informatization. In order to reduce inventory, improve production efficiency and quality, and respond quickly, enterprises are promoting enterprise management informatization and providing information services to the society on demand. With the extensive and in-depth application of information technology represented by computer, network, mobile communication and artificial intelligence in all aspects of economic and
social development, information has become another important strategic resource after material and energy.
   The results of surveying and mapping geographic information play a more and more important role in national security, economic and social development, information construction, natural resource management and emergency disposal. The quality of the results is related to the national economy and people’s livelihood and scientific decision-making of social development. At present, there are many types of surveying and mapping geographic information results, and it requires complex structure, fine technical requirements, large amount of data, high requirements of current situation, and wide service range. It is impossible to effectively and accurately detect and evaluate the quality status of Surveying and mapping geographic information results relying on manual or simple human-computer interaction inspection methods and means.
   It is of great significance to study the new mode of quality inspection of surveying and mapping geographic information results under the information-based surveying and mapping system, construct the information-based quality inspection platform with management function, realize the classification management, rapid inspection and
evaluation of various results quality inspection, and improve the inspection efficiency and scientificity, which is of great significance to ensure the reliability of the application of surveying and mapping geographic information results.

前 言

信息化是当今时代发展的大趋势。政府为提高政府机关的办事效率、降低运作成本，进而为民众与企事业组织提供高效快捷服务，正在推进政务信息化，并以信息化带动政务活动的法制化；企业为达到降低库存、提高生产效能和质量、快速应变的目的，正在推进企业管理信息化，按需向社会提供信息化服务。随着计算机、网络、移动通信、人工智能等为代表的信息技术在经济社会发展方方面面的广泛深入的应用，信息已经成为继物质、能源之后的又一种重要战略性资源。
       测绘地理信息成果在国家安全、经济社会发展、信息化建设、自然资源管理、突发事件应急处置中发挥着越来越重要的作用，其成果质量关系到国计民生和社会发展的科学决策。当前，测绘地理信息成果类型多、结构复杂、技术要求精细、数据量大、现势性要求高、服务范围广，依靠人工或简单的人机交互的检查方式和手段已无法高效准确地检测评估其质量状况。
       研究信息化测绘体系下测绘地理信息成果的质量检验新模式，构建具有管理功能的信息化质检平台，实现多种成果质量检验的分类管理、快速检查与评价，提高检验效率和科学性，对于保障测绘地理信息成果应用的可靠性具有重要意义。

The exploitation of mineral resources is related to the overall situation of the whole country’s industrial production. Today, China’s science and technology development is not perfect, industrial transformation has just begun, and heavy industry will still dominate China’s economic lifeline for a long time. The amount of mineral resources will directly affect the speed and scale of heavy industry development.
   At present, China’s mining technology has been greatly improved than before, but the safety accidents in mining still occur from time to time, which seriously affect the safety of personal property and easily cause huge losses. Therefore, in order to reduce the possibility of accidents while rationally mining mineral resources, we must constantly improve mining technology, strengthen the safety management of engineering construction, and fundamentally solve the problem of safety accidents.
   This book is divided into eight chapters, from the perspective of technology, methods, safety and other aspects of mining engineering are analyzed and elaborated in detail, and various problems are found, and corresponding suggestions, measures and methods are put forward, so as to contribute to the development of China’s mining industry

前 言

矿产资源的开采关系到整个国家工业生产的大局。如今，我国科学技术发展还不够完善，产业转型才刚刚开始，重工业在很长一段时间内还将主导我国的经济命脉。而矿产资源的多少，将直接影响到重工业发展的速度和规模。
      目前，我国的采矿技术较之前已经有了很大的提高，但采矿中的安全事故仍时有发生，严重影响人身财产安全，容易造成巨大损失。因此，想要在合理开采矿产资源的同时，减少事故发生的可能性，就必须不断提高采矿技术，加强工程施工安全管理，从根本上解决安全事故问题。
      本书分为八个章节，从技术、方法、安全等角度对采矿工程的各个环节和要点进行了详细的分析与阐述，发现其中存在的各种问题，并提出了相应的建议、措施和方法，从而为中国采矿行业发展贡献一份力量。

Environment, resources and energy have become the main factors affecting the development of China’s nonferrous metal industry. Environmental protection is the core of sustainable development and the lifeline of nonferrous smelting enterprises. To improve the ability of independent innovation, we must break through the key technologies and core technologies that restrict the development of nonferrous metals industry. The key point is to break through the common technologies of resources, energy and environment, and solve the bottleneck problems affecting the development of the industry.
     Resources and environmental protection is one of the core issues of today’s society, “green, environmental protection” is the most concerned topic of the whole society and the world. Nonferrous metal metallurgy industry is the pillar industry of national economy. With the expansion of scale, people tend to pay attention to the output and ignore the environmental protection. A large number of metal containing waste liquid and waste residue can not be effectively recycled, resulting in frequent environmental pollution incidents. The direct discharge of a large number of metal pollutants will not only pose a serious threat to human health and ecological environment, but also cause the loss of valuable metals. Therefore, it is very important for the nonferrous metallurgy industry to pay attention to environmental protection and resource comprehensive recovery and utilization while producing. 

前 言

环境、资源和能源成为影响中国有色金属工业发展的主要因素。环境保护是可持续发展的核心，是有色冶炼企业的生命线。提高自主创新能力，必须突破制约有色金属工业发展的关键技术和核心技术，重点是突破资源、能源、环境共性技术，解决影响产业发展的瓶颈问题。
       资源与环保是当今社会的核心问题之一，“绿色、环保”是目前全社会、全世界最关心的话题。有色金属冶金工业是国民经济支柱产业，随着规模的扩大，人们往往注重产量而忽视了环保，大量的含金属废液、废渣无法有效地彻底回收处理，致使环境污染事件频繁发生。大量的金属污染物直接排放，不仅会对人体健康和生态环境造成严重威胁，而且还会造成有价金属的流失，因此，有色冶金行业在生产的同时注重环保和资源综合回收利用问题十分重要。