This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the diagnosis and treatment technology of various diseases of brain, spinal cord, sympathetic nerve and peripheral nervous system in the field of neurosurgery. The book is divided into 12 chapters, with more than 250000 words, pictures and texts, and detailed contents. The diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral trauma, intracranial tumors, aneurysms, intracranial vascular malformations, intracranial infectious diseases, congenital malformations of the brain and spinal cord diseases are introduced in detail. In particular, this paper introduces some leading fields in the world, such as the microsurgery of brain stem tumor and spinal cord intramedullary tumor, hoping to contribute to the work efficiency and quality of clinical medical staff.

前 言
本书比较全面、系统地介绍了当今神经外科领域中有关颅脑、脊柱脊髓、交感神经和周围神经系统各种疾患的诊断与治疗技术。全书共分 12 章，约 25 余万字，图文并茂，内容详实。对颅脑外伤、颅内各部位肿瘤、动脉瘤、颅内血管畸形、颅内感染性疾病、颅脑先天性畸形以及脊柱脊髓疾患等诊断与治疗，均作了详尽的介绍，尤其介绍了我国在国际上处于领先地位的某些领域，如脑干肿瘤及脊髓髓内肿瘤的显微手术希望能够有助于临床医护人员的工作效率和质量。

In the increasingly fierce market competition environment, the development of enterprises is facing severe challenges. Human resource management and administrative management are key components of enterprise development. Strengthening the human resource management of enterprises and the administrative management of the state and enterprises are conducive to consolidating the status of the country, improving the competitiveness of enterprises and bringing better development to the country and enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively strengthen the administrative resource management of enterprises and the administrative management of the state and enterprises.

前 言
在日益激烈的市场竞争环境下，企业的发展面临着严峻的挑战。企业的人力资源管理与行政管理，是企业发展的关键组成部分。加强企业的人力资源管理，加强国家与企业的行政管理，有利于巩固国家的地位，提高企业的竞争能力，为国家和企业带来更好地发展。因此，必须有效地加强企业行政资源管理与国家和企业的行政管理。

Enterprises are the basic cells of national economy, the ultimate force to promote economic and social development, and also the decisive factor for a strong country and a prosperous nation. There are a lot of theories about how to improve the market competitiveness and economic and social benefits of enterprises. They have their own characteristics and made due contributions to the economic and social development.
In the process of enterprise operation and management, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of the application level of network technology, the manual work mode and management mode have been unable to adapt to the development speed of modern society. Building management information system to meet the needs of enterprise modern management has become the future development direction of improving the work efficiency and standardized management of all departments. The core essence of enterprise material management is to use network technology and computer technology to integrate enterprise procurement and production resources, reduce operating costs, improve enterprise production efficiency, and ultimately achieve maximum value.
In recent years, with the economic and social development of our country and the introduction of a series of material supply management systems, the level of material management is getting higher and higher. However, in today’s prosperous society, the supply of materials exceeds the demand, and the economic benefits of enterprises are relatively good, the material procurement is big, the price is high or low, the production is guaranteed blindly, resulting in the material cost greatly increased, the reserve fund sharply increased, resulting in excessive reserves and extreme waste. At the time of market operation and economic benefit decline, facing the gradual improvement of operation awareness of enterprises in all walks of life, if we do not calculate and analyze, nor fully face material saving and thrifty, nor control the purchase volume to reduce the purchase cost, and generate the maximum benefit with the minimum investment, the enterprise will face the situation of operating difficulties until the loss.
In order to realize the information collection and processing, information resource sharing and decision-making assistant management between enterprises and different departments within enterprises, it is necessary to establish enterprise material management system. Its goal is to realize enterprise information network, information resource, management modernization and scientific decision-making.
Due to our limited level, contents of the book inevitably have shortcomings and errors. We sincerely ask all colleagues and readers to criticize and correct, and we will accept it with modesty.

前 言
企业是国民经济的基本细胞，是推动经济社会发展的终极力量，也是一个国家强大、民族兴旺的决定性因素。围绕提高企业市场竞争力和经济社会效益的各种理论浩如烟海， 各种主张层出不穷， 它们各具特色并对经济社会发展做出了应有贡献。
在企业运营管理过程中，随着科技的发展和网络技术应用水平的提高，使得手工工作方式和管理模式已经不能适应现代社会的发展速度，而构建管理信息系统来满足企业现代化管理的需要，成为提高各部门工作效率及规范化管理的未来发展方向。企业物资管理的核心是利用网络技术和计算机技术整合企业采购和生产资源，降低经营成本，提高企业生产效率，最终实现最大化的价值。
近年来，随着我国经济社会发展和一系列物资供应管理制度的出台，物资管理水平越来越高。但是，在社会繁荣，物资供过于求，企业经济效益相对较好的今天，物资采购大手大脚，价格高低不管，一味地保证生产，致使材料成本大大增加，储备资金急剧上升，造成过度储备和极度浪费。在市场运转，经济效益滑坡之时，面对各行各业企业运营意识的逐步提高，今天我们再不算账分析，再不全面对材料节约节俭，再不控制采购量降低采购成本，以最小的投入产生最大的效益的话，企业将面临经营困难，直至亏损的局面。
为了实现企业与企业之间、企业内部不同部门之间的信息收集与处理、信息资源共享以及决策辅助的管理，需要建立企业物资管理系统。其目标是实现企业信息网络化、信息资源化、管理现代化以及决策科学化。
由于我们水平有限，书中内容难免有缺点和错误，恳请各位同仁和读者批评、指正，我们一定会虚心接受。

With the rapid development of social economy, the change of natural environment and the frequent occurrence of disasters, people pay more attention to the quality and level of emergency medical care. With the unique position and function of nurses in disease, disaster and other medical practice becoming more and more obvious, how to cultivate nursing students with high level of first aid has become the top priority of current international nursing higher education. 

There are eight chapters in this book. The first chapter introduces the basic situation and research status of first aid and first aid nursing, first aid medical service system, pre hospital first aid nursing and training; after that, we divided into seven chapters: basic rescue, first aid, pre hospital first aid, common emergency and critical cases, pre hospital common first aid technology, monitoring technology during the transportation of critical patients and pre hospital first aid training to study the basic knowledge of first aid nursing, on-site first aid process, emergency plan and pre hospital first aid technology and training of different critical cases. 

This book can be used as training materials for professional first-aid institutions, reference books for professional pre hospital first-aid medical staff, as well as learning and reference materials for other relevant personnel.

前 言

随着社会经济的高速发展，自然环境的变迁，灾害的频发使人们更加重视急救医疗质量与水平。随着护士在疾病， 灾害等医护实践中的独特地位和功能日益明显，如何培养高急救水平的护生也成为当前国际护理高等教育关注的重中之重。

本书共八章，第一章绪论部分简要介绍了急救与急救护理、急救医疗服务体系、院前急救护理与培训的基本情况与研究现状；后分救护基础、急救护理、院前急救护理、常见急危重症、院前常用急救技术、危重症患者转运途中的监护技术与院前急救培训七章分别研究了急救护理基本常识、现场急救流程、应急方案和不同急危重症的院前急救技术与培训。

本书可作为专业急救机构的培训教材、专业院前急救医护人员的参考图书，也可供其他相关人员学习、参考。

Since the beginning of the 21st century, in order to promote the sustainable and healthy development of economy and accelerate the process of socialist modernization, China has clearly put forward the urbanization strategy, and the speed of urbanization has been accelerating. The corresponding infrastructure construction, such as urban indemnificatory residential engineering, transportation facilities, urban water supply, gas supply and heating facilities has also developed. However, at present, the funds in China’s financial budget are far from meeting the needs of infrastructure construction. At the same time, the private surplus funds have expanded unprecedentedly and maintained stable development. How to make better use of these non governmental capital and let it participate in the infrastructure construction of our country has become a realistic problem in front of us. The development of public private partnership (PPP) provides a way to solve this problem. 

After the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the country has strengthened the Reform and Opening up. From the first mention of PPP mode at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to the introduction of relevant policies by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance, PPP mode has been gradually popularized in China and relevant policies have been gradually improved. PPP model not only uses idle social funds to relieve the pressure of financial budget funds, but also enables the government and the private sector to establish a cooperative relationship in the field of infrastructure construction, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses, and complement each others’ advantages, so as to better play their respective roles and advantages, reasonably allocate resources, put an end to resource abuse, optimize the allocation of resources, improve the use efficiency of resources, meet the public demand, improve the social governance function, and ensure the quality of infrastructure and public products.

前 言

进入 21 世纪以来， 为促进经济的持续健康发展， 加快社会主义现代化建设进程，我国明确提出城镇化战略，城镇化速度不断加快，相应的城市保障性居住工程、运输设施、城市供水供气供暖设施等基础设施建设也随之发展。但是，当前我国财政预算内的资金远远无法满足基础设施建设的需要，与此同时，民间剩余资金却空前膨胀，且保持了稳定发展。如何更好地利用这些民间资本，让其参与到我国基础设施建设中，成为摆在我们面前的现实问题。政府和社会资本合作模（Public PrivatePartnership，简称 PPP 模式）的发展为解决这一问题提供了思路。

党的第十八次全国代表大会以后，国家加大了改革开放的力度。从党的十八届三中全会首次提到 PPP 模式，到国家发改委、财政部等陆续出台相关政策， PPP 模式在国内逐渐得到了普及，相关政策也得到了逐步完善。 PPP 模式不仅利用社会闲置资金缓解了财政预算资金压力，而且使得政府部门和私营部门在基础设施建设领域建立起合作关系，扬长避短，优势互补，从而更好地发挥了他们各自的作用以及各自的优势，合理调配资源，杜绝资源滥用，优化了资源的配置，提高了资源的使用效率，满足了公共需求，完善了社会治理功能，保障了基础设施和公共产品质量。