In recent years, China’s social and economic development is very fast, but also leads the better development of the construction industry, more and more high-rise buildings are rising, and the construction scale is also expanding, which undoubtedly puts forward higher requirements for construction technology, especially for architectural design, more content needs to be taken into account. In order to better improve the architectural structure design, the application of conceptual design can solve some uncertain factors to a great extent, improve the quality of architectural structure design, and give full play to the value of conceptual design.
       In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, and various types of modern buildings have been gradually constructed. At the same time, people have different requirements for different types of building engineering functions, which puts forward higher requirements for the structural design of building engineering. But there are still many problems in the actual building structure design, which has a great impact on the overall performance of the construction project. In order to improve the overall design level of the building, the staff must focus on the structural design level, which directly determines the safety and stability of the building. However, due to the influence of many factors, there are still many defects in the current building structure.
       Structural innovation should meet the requirements of architectural modeling, architectural function and interior space effect. The process of structural innovation is the process of integration of structure and architecture. First of all, the selection of structural system should be combined with mechanical performance and architectural modeling. For architectural structural design, how to improve the safety of buildings is the focus of construction enterprises and even the whole society. Therefore, construction enterprises need to be based on the scientific point of view, comprehensively analyze the safety problems existing in the design of building structure, and put forward feasible improvement strategies to ensure the safety of buildings.

前 言

近年，我国社会经济的发展十分快速，同时也带领着建筑行业更好的发展，越来越多的高楼拔地而起，建筑规模也在不断地扩大，这无疑对建筑技术提出了更高的要求，尤其对于建筑设计来说，需要将更多的内容考虑到其中。为了更好地完善建筑结构设计，将概念设计这一方法应用于其中，能够在很大限度上解决部分不确定的因素，提高建筑结构设计质量，充分发挥出概念设计的价值。
        建筑行业在近年来得到了快速的发展，各种类型的现代化建筑逐渐得到了建设，同时人们对不同类型建筑工程功能的要求不同，这对建筑工程结构设计就提出了更高的要求，但在实际的建筑结构设计中还存在诸多的问题，这对建筑工程整体的性能就造成了很大的影响。为了全面提升建筑整体设计水准，工作人员必须集中注意力在结构设计层面上，毕竟其直接决定着建筑的安全稳定性结果。不过因为诸多因素交织化影响，当前我国建筑结构中还存在诸多缺陷。
        结构创新要满足建筑造型、建筑功能和建筑室内空间效果。结构创新过程即为结构与建筑融合过程，首先结构体系的选择要与受力性能、建筑造型相结合，对建筑结构设计而言，如何提高建筑的安全性是建筑企业，乃至全社会关注的焦点。为此，建筑企业需立足于科学角度，全面剖析建筑结构设计环节存在的安全性问题，并提出切实可行的改进策略，以保障建筑的安全性。

With the continuous improvement of people’s living standards and the increasing  material requirements, water conservancy project, as the basic equipment to ensure  people’s daily life, has attracted more and more attention. Water conservancy project is an  engineering project which controls and allocates the surface water and groundwater in the  natural environment to reduce natural disasters and serve the people. And the state also  attaches importance to this situation, and lists the promotion of water conservancy project  infrastructure construction as an important national policy. This measure can effectively  promote social and economic development, which is of great significance to the strategic  deployment of China’s early realization of great rejuvenation.  The construction of water conservancy projects is more and more, and the technical  difficulty is gradually increasing. In order to effectively solve the problems in project  management, we must achieve a breakthrough in management and technology, and  promote the smooth progress of water conservancy projects. The continuous improvement  of economy has changed people's living standards. Water conservancy project is an  important foundation for people’s living and working in peace and contentment and the  long-term development of our country, and it is a key project in the process of social  development in our country. Therefore, we must pay attention to reasonable control. The  construction management of water conservancy project plays a very important role in the  whole project and socialist modernization construction, which can affect the performance  and service life of water conservancy project, and is the basis of water conservancy project  construction. At present, China’s economic level continues to improve, people’s safety  awareness and supervision awareness has also been greatly improved. Water conservancy  project construction management has been paid more and more attention.

前 言  

随着人们生活水平质量的不断提升，对物质的要求日益提高，水利工程作为保 证人们日常生活的基础设备受到了人们越来越密切的关注。水利工程将大自然环境 中的地表水以及地下水进行控制和调配，以减少自然灾害，服务百姓为任务建立的 工程项目。而国家也将这一情况重视起来，将推动水利工程基础设施建设列为重要 国策。而这一举措，能够有效地推动社会经济的发展，这对中国早日实现伟大复兴 的战略部署具有重要的意义。 水利工程的建设越来越多，技术的难度也在逐渐地升高，要想切实解决项目管 理中的问题，就必须实现管理和技术上的突破，促进水利工程项目的顺利进行。经 济的不断提升改变了人们的生活水平，水利工程是人民安居乐业国家长远发展的重 要基础，是我国社会发展过程中的重点工程，因此必须着重注意进行合理的控制。 水利工程的施工管理对整个工程及社会主义现代化建设来说具有非常重要的作用， 能够影响到水利工程的使用性能及使用年限，是进行水利工程施工建设的基础。当 前我国经济水平不断提升，人们的安全意识及监督意识也有了很大的提升，水利工 程施工管理已经得到越来越多人的重视。

The material to architecture is just like the skin to the soul. It is not only the carrier of architecture, but also the medium of external expression of architectural art. The ability to skillfully use building materials is the guarantee to realize the architectural space and artistic effect. Especially for the students who are new to architecture, if they do not master the basic performance and artistic expression of common building materials, and talk about space and facade modeling, their design is easy to become meaningless.
      Energy is the material that provides energy conversion to nature (such as mineral energy, nuclear physical energy, atmospheric circulation energy, geographical energy). Energy is the material basis of human activities. In a sense, the development of human society is inseparable from the emergence of high-quality energy and the use of advanced energy technology. In today’s world, the development of energy, energy and environment are issues of common concern to the whole world and mankind, as well as important issues of China’s social and economic development. For the architectural design industry, looking for new design concepts and methods suitable for green building has become the development direction of industry competition, such as BIM 3D design, prefabricated architectural design and so on. As the leading specialty of architectural design, architecture is an important position of this technological innovation. Based on the requirements of green building for energy saving, indoor and outdoor environment, combined with the development of simulation analysis technology in the architectural design industry, this book puts forward a new passive architectural design method, namely performance-based passive architectural design method. The performance-based passive architectural design method is one of the important directions of architectural innovation.

前 言

材料对于建筑就如人的肌肤对于灵魂，它既是建筑的载体，也是建筑艺术外在表现的媒介。熟练运用建筑材料的能力，是实现建筑空间与艺术效果的保证。尤其是对于初识建筑的学生而言，没有掌握常见建筑材料的基本性能与艺术表现方式，而空谈空间与立面造型，其设计亦容易成为无本之木。
        能源就是向自然界提供能量转化的物质（如矿物质能源、核物理能源，大气环流能源、地理性能源）。能源是人类活动的物质基础。 在某种意义上讲，人类社会的发展离不开优质能源的出现和先进能源技术的使用。在当今世界，能源的发展，能源和环境，是全世界、全人类共同关心的问题， 也是我国社会经济发展的重要问题。对建筑设计行业来说，寻找适合绿色建筑新的设计理念和方法也成为行业竞争的发展方向，如 BIM 三维设计。装配式建筑设计等，建筑专业作为建筑设计的龙头专业，是此次技术革新的重要阵地。本书基于绿色建筑对节能、室内外环境的要求，结合仿真分析技术在建筑设计行业的发展，提出新的被动式建筑设计方法，即性能化的被动式建筑设计方法。性能化的被动式建筑设计方法是建筑专业革新的重要方向之一。

Since the reform and opening up, the construction industry has been booming. The complexity and comprehensiveness of modern highway engineering construction make many problems need to be solved in engineering construction practice. New management methods constantly bring forth new ones, and gradually eliminate the old management mode. Therefore, it is necessary to study and adopt modern new theories, apply new methods and means, take problems as the guidance, constantly summarize experiences and lessons, and improve the management level of highway engineering projects. This requires highway project managers to be compound talents who have strategic vision and understand technology and management, but it depends on the experience accumulation of highway project managers, and also depends on the depth of project managers’ mastery and understanding of project management theory and methods. Therefore, systematic theoretical learning is of great significance. Through understanding, we can know that highway engineering project management is a one-time management enterprise with specific objectives, resource and time constraints and complex professional engineering and technical background, and it is a high-level, scientific and systematic management activity for the whole process of engineering project.
        With the development of national economy, transportation industry has become particularly important, especially highway engineering and highway bridge construction. With the central government making it clear that “speeding up the development of transportation is a strategic and urgent task related to the overall situation of the national economy”, highway engineering construction has ushered in the historical opportunity of great development. The engineering and project management of highway and bridge is of great significance to effectively improve the engineering quality and comprehensive benefits.

前 言

改革开放以来建筑业蓬勃发展，现代公路工程建设的复杂性和综合性使得工程建设实践中出现了很多需要解决的情况和问题，新的管理方法不断推陈出新，逐步淘汰陈旧的管理模式，因此，必须在实践中研究和采用现代化的新理论，应用新方法和手段，以问题为导向，不断总结经验教训，提高公路工程项目的管理水平，这就要求公路工程项目管理者是有战略眼光并且懂技术和管理的复合型人才，但这既取决于公路工程项目管理人员的经验积累，也取决于项目管理人员对工程项目管理理论与方法掌握和理解的深度，所以，系统的理论学习有重要意义。通过了解可以知道，公路工程项目管理是一种具有特定目标、资源及时间限制和复杂的专业工程技术背景的一次性管理事业，是对工程项目全过程进行的高水平的、科学的、系统的管理活动。
        随着国家大力发展经济，运输业变得尤为重要，特别是公路工程和公路桥梁建设这一部分占据了其中很大的比例，随着中央明确“将加快交通运输发展作为事关国民经济全局的战略性和紧迫性任务” ， 公路工程建设便迎来了大发展的历史机遇。公路桥梁的工程与项目管理对有效提升工程质量、综合效益有重要意义。

By improving the level of highway engineering survey and design, it can not only ensure the rationality of highway route, but also effectively reduce the occurrence of road traffic accidents. Due to the increasing scale of highway engineering construction in China, highway engineering survey and design work has attracted the attention of relevant departments. For Highway Survey and design personnel, the following principles should be observed:
      First, the design principle of respecting nature. In the process of Highway Survey and design, the survey and design personnel should seriously abide by the design principle of respecting nature and put the protection of ecological and natural environment in the first place. Because the highway engineering construction has a great impact on the natural ecological environment, which increases the difficulty of ecological environment restoration. Therefore, the highway survey and design personnel should abide by the principle of respecting the natural design, effectively investigate the topography of the area, and adopt a variety of design methods for design.
      Second, the principle of safety design. In the process of highway survey and design, the survey and design personnel should seriously abide by the principles of safety design, comprehensively consider various potential safety hazards, and take good measures to improve the safety of highway vehicles. By abiding by the principle of safety design, it can ensure that the highway survey and design scheme is more perfect, and effectively reduce the probability of highway traffic accidents.
         In addition, through the reasonable analysis of the existing problems and Countermeasures in highway survey and design, such as scientific design of highway route, comprehensive consideration of geological conditions along the highway, improvement of geological survey technology and so on, it can ensure the orderly progress of highway survey and design, and improve the implementation effect of highway survey and design scheme. Highway survey and design has a certain degree of difficulty, designers should continue to learn advanced knowledge, improve their professional skills, so as to promote the rapid development of China’s highway industry.

前 言

通过提升公路工程勘察设计水平，不仅能够保证公路路线的合理性，还能够有效减少道路交通安全事故的发生。由于我国公路工程建设规模的不断加大，公路工程勘察设计工作已经引起有关部门的重视，对于公路勘察设计人员来讲，要遵守以下原则：
        第一，尊重自然的设计原则。在公路勘察设计环节，勘察设计人员要认真遵守尊重自然的设计原则，将生态自然环境保护放在首位。因为公路工程建设施工对自然生态环境影响特别大，增加了生态环境的修复难度，因此，公路勘察设计人员要遵守尊重自然设计原则，对该地区的地形地貌进行有效勘察，采用多种设计方法进行设计。
        第二，安全设计原则。在公路勘察设计过程之中，勘察设计人员要认真遵守安全性设计原则，综合考虑各项安全隐患，并采取良好措施，提升公路车辆的安全性。通过遵守安全性设计原则，能够保证公路勘察设计方案更为完善，有效降低公路交通安全事故的发生概率。
        此外，通过对公路勘察设计中存在问题解决对策进行合理分析，例如科学设计公路路线、综合考虑公路沿线地质条件、完善地质勘察技术等等，能够保证公路勘察设计工作有序进行，提高公路勘察设计方案的实施效果。公路勘察设计具有一定难度，设计人员还要不断学习先进知识，提高自身的专业技能水平，进而推动我国公路事业的快速发展。