In today’s era, with the continuous progress and development of social informatization, people’s demand for the earth’s spatial position and attribute information is increasing. In many aspects of social economy, politics, culture, environment and military affairs, it is required to provide surveying and mapping products with better accuracy, better real-time, wider range, more forms and better quality. The integration of surveying and mapping technology, computer information technology and modern communication technology provides a more systematic technology for the collection, processing, management, update, sharing and application of geospatial location and its attribute information, forming a modern information surveying and mapping technology. With the rapid development of surveying and mapping science and technology, a revolutionary change has taken place in the production process of surveying and mapping. In particular, while maintaining the characteristics of traditional products and products, with the development of information technology, the virtual visualization achievements and products that have appeared and gradually applied have expanded their application scope. Surveying and mapping science, which provides technical support for information surveying and mapping, has gradually developed into geospatial informatics.
     With the rapid development of China’s reform and opening up and socialist modernization, great changes have taken place in the surveying and mapping work system. The status of surveying and mapping work is becoming more and more important. The role of surveying and mapping work in social and economic development is also growing. At the same time, the administrative management of surveying and mapping is becoming more and more important, especially the role of city and county surveying and mapping administrative management is becoming more and more prominent. As a surveying and mapping production unit and surveying and mapping practitioners, it is an important factor for their own development to comply with and adapt to the market economic order, scientifically and reasonably organize surveying and mapping production, constantly enhance their competitive strength, and provide high-quality surveying and mapping products for economic construction. Therefore, the surveying and mapping workers must learn the knowledge of surveying and mapping management and strengthen the awareness of legal system, so as to enter the surveying and mapping market and engage in surveying and mapping work according to law.

前 言

当今时代，社会信息化的不断进步和发展，人们对地球空间位置及其属性信息的需求不断增加，社会经济、政治、文化、环境及军事等众多方面，要求提供精度满足需要，实时性更好、范围更大、形式更多、质量更好的测绘产品。而测绘技术、计算机信息技术和现代通信技术等多种技术集成，对地理空间位置及其属性信息的采集、处理、管理、更新、共享和应用等方面提供了更系统的技术，形成了现代信息化测绘技术。 测绘科学技术的迅速发展， 促使测绘生产流程发生了革命性的变化，多样化测绘成果和产品正不断努力满足多方面需求。特别是在保持传统成果和产品特性的同时，伴随信息技术的发展，已经出现并逐步展开应用的虚拟可视化成果和产品又极好地扩大了应用面。提供对信息化测绘技术支持的测绘科学已逐渐发展成为地球空间信息学。
       随着我国改革开放和社会主义现代化建设事业的快速发展，测绘工作体制也发生了很大变化，测绘工作的地位越来越重要，测绘工作在社会经济发展中的作用也越来越大，同时也使得测绘行政管理工作越来越重要，尤其是市、县测绘行政管理工作的作用越来越突出。作为测绘生产单位和测绘从业者，遵从并适应市场经济秩序，科学合理地组织好测绘生产，不断增强自身竞争实力，为经济建设提供优质的测绘产品，是自身发展的重要因素。因此，测绘工作者必须学好测绘管理知识，加强法制意识，以便规范地进入测绘市场，依法从事测绘工作。

Safety work involves all walks of life and thousands of families, and is closely related to economic development, social stability and people’s living and working in peace and contentment. Only when the whole society popularizes safety regulations and scientific and technological knowledge, improve the safety awareness of the whole people, and enhance the prevention ability of the whole people, can the fire hazards be effectively prevented and reduced. Fire safety is a scientific, technical, mass and professional work. The legal representatives of social units, fire safety management personnel and operators of special types of work should not only have higher ideological awareness and cultivation, but also have better fire safety management quality and technical level. The improvement of management quality and technical level requires fire safety technical knowledge as the basis. Therefore, we should do a good job in the fire safety work of government organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions. In addition to mastering the necessary knowledge of fire safety management, the legal representative, fire safety management personnel and operators of key types of fire control work of the unit must also learn and master the basic fire prevention and fire extinguishing technical knowledge such as fire combustion principle, material and production process, fire hazard category, dangerous goods, production process, production equipment, electrical, building, fire-fighting facilities and so on. Only by mastering these basic knowledge can we lay a foundation for the improvement of fire safety management quality and technical level, and provide specific methods and measures for solving practical problems in fire safety management. As far as the legal representative of an enterprise is concerned, he can change the passive leadership into the active leadership and manage the fire safety work of the unit with a definite aim.
    This paper mainly starts from the basic knowledge of fire protection, through the clear division of labor among individuals, units and society, so as to achieve the orderly face of fire and improve the vigilance of the whole society.

前 言

安全工作涉及各行各业、千家万户，与经济发展、社会稳定和人民群众安居乐业密切相关。只有全社会普及安全法规和科技知识，提高全民安全意识,增强全民防范能力，才能有效地预防和减少火灾的危害。消防安全工作是一项科学性、技术性、群众性和专业性都很强的工作。社会单位的法定代表人、消防安全管理人员以及特殊工种操作人员等,不仅要有较高的思想觉悟和修养,还必须具有较好的消防安全管理素质和技术水平， 而管理素质和技术水平的提高需要有消防安全技术知识做基础。 所以，要把机关、团体、企业、事业单位的消防安全工作做好，单位的法定代表人、消防安全管理人员以及消防重点工种操作人员等,除应掌握必要的消防安全管理知识外，还必须要学习和掌握火灾燃烧原理、物料和生产工艺的火灾危险性类别、危险品物品、生产过程、生产设备、电气、建筑和消防设施等基本防火、灭火技术知识。只有掌握
了这些基本知识，才能为消防安全管理素质和技术水平的提高打下基础，才能为消防安全管理中实际问题的解决提供具体的方法和措施;对企业法定代表人来讲，才能变被动领导为主动领导，才能有的放矢地管理好本单位的消防安全工作。
       本文主要是从基础消防知识入手，通过将个人、单位、社会进行明确的分工，以此达到面对火灾时的井井有条，提高整个社会的警惕。

China is a country with an ancient civilization, known as the “state of etiquette”. With the further development of reform and opening up, tourism as a sunrise industry needs to study etiquette. Confucius told his disciples that the thought of “no learning etiquette, no foundation” continued the whole history of Chinese civilization; Xunzi said, “you will not live without etiquette; thing will impossible without etiquette, the country will restless without etiquette”. As a nation with 5000 years of civilization, learning and applying etiquette is particularly important for carrying forward national culture and displaying national spirit. In recent years, in the situation of national courtesy, etiquette as a display of personal grace and charm, reflecting the inner knowledge and cultivation in the teaching theory and practical application have made fruitful results. There are many theories and opinions from professionals, but it is not systematic enough to study etiquette from the perspective of tourism.
    Through the etiquette study and training in practice, students can show good personal quality and cultivation with elegant behavior, decent dress and polite speech, which has become an indispensable subject in contemporary university classroom.
      According to the characteristics of tourism and hotels in the new era, we emphasize the imparts of knowledge, skills and etiquette training, focus on practical operation ability, pay attention to the interestingness, vividness and operability of learning, emphasize the interaction between teaching and learning and the practice inside and outside the classroom, and carry out analysis and research in many aspects.

前 言

中国是一个文明古国， 素有“礼仪之邦”之美称。 随着改革开放的进一步发展，作为朝阳产业的旅游业岂能不研究礼仪。孔子告诚弟子“不学礼，无以立”的思想延续了整个中华民族的文明史；荀子云：“人无礼则不生，事无礼则不成，国无礼则不宁。作为具有 5000 年文明史的“礼仪之邦”学习礼仪，应用礼仪，对弘扬民族文化，展示民族精神尤为重要。近年来，在全民尚礼的形势下，礼仪作为展示个人风度与魅力， 体现内在学识与修养在教学理论与实践应用方面都取得了丰硕的成果。专业人士相关方面的理论陈述颇多，建树十分成熟完备，但是从旅游业角度出发来研究礼仪还不够系统。在实践中通过礼仪学习与训练，学生能以优雅的举止、得体的服饰、礼貌的谈吐展现出良好的个人素质和修养，这已是当代大学课堂不可缺少的一门学科。
       在编写中我们针对新时代下旅游和酒店的特点强调知识的传授、技能和礼仪的训练，重点突出实际操作能力，注重了学习的趣味性和生动性及可操作性，强调教与学的互动和课堂内外的实践，多方面进行的分析和研究。

Chinese Language and Literature, as the crystallization of Chinese character culture, is a bright pearl in Chinese traditional culture. It can provide rich information for the study of Chinese culture and Chinese history. It plays an irreplaceable role in the process of carrying forward traditional culture and inheriting national spirit. It has high humanistic value and social science value.
    In the new media environment, people are more and more dependent on the network, more accustomed to mobile phones, computers typing, often unable to write correctly with a pen, and this phenomenon is particularly prominent among young people. In addition, the emergence of network catchwords also has a great impact on the study of Chinese Language and Literature. Network catchwords are a new form of language gradually formed in the new media environment. They are common in QQ, wechat, microblog, forum, website comment area and other network social platforms. They reflect social phenomena or problems by innovating language and endowing it with personalized characteristics. The high degree of freedom of network speech makes the Chinese language expression and habits more and more casual, which affects the formation of correct Chinese language thinking mode and norms, and is not conducive to the smooth development of Chinese language and literature teaching.
    But on the other hand, the rapid development of new media has also brought good opportunities for the development of Chinese Language and Literature. But on the other hand, the rapid development of new media has also brought good opportunities for the development of Chinese Language and Literature. On the one hand, with the help of rich network teaching resources, we can re integrate, expand and improve the teaching content and teaching methods of Chinese language and literature, increase students’ initiative and participation in professional courses learning, and objectively promote the self evolution of teachers’ team and promote the smooth progress of education reform. The combination of current hot topics on the Internet and Chinese Language and Literature teaching can make the teaching of Chinese Language and Literature return to life, help students develop good thinking mode of Chinese language and standard language habits, and make full preparation for the correct use in future work and life.
    The influence of new media environment on Chinese Language and Literature has attracted wide attention of the industry. This book is compiled in this context, hoping to make its own contribution to promoting the reform and innovation of Chinese Language and Literature teaching and improving the teaching level and quality of Chinese Language and Literature by taking advantage of the relationship between new media and Chinese Language and Literature teaching.

In the process of compiling this book, many references have been referred to. Here, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the author.
    Due to the limited level of the author, there are inevitably mistakes or omissions in the content of the book. Readers are welcome to make corrections so as to further improve the book.

前 言

汉语言文学作为汉字文化的结晶，是我国传统文化中的一颗璀璨明珠，能够为中华文化与中国历史的研究提供丰富的资料，在弘扬传统文化、传承民族精神过程中发挥着不可替代作用，具有较高的人文价值和社会科学价值。

新媒体环境下，人们对网络的依赖性越来越强，更加习惯手机、电脑打字，往往无法用笔正确书写文字，这种现象在年轻人群体中尤为突出。再加上网络流行语的出现，亦给汉语言文学的学习造成了不小的影响。网络流行语是新媒体环境下逐渐形成的一种新的用语形式，常见于 QQ、微信、微博、论坛、网站评论区等网络社交平台，是通过对语言加以创新，赋予其个性化特点来反映社会现象或问题。网络发言的高度自由特点，使得汉语言用语方式与习惯越来越随意，影响了正确汉语言思维方式与规范的形成，不利于汉语言文学教学的顺利开展。
       但是在另一方面，新媒体的迅速发展，也给汉语言文学的发展带来了良好的机遇。一方面，可以借助丰富的网络教学资源，对汉语言文学教学内容、教学方式进行重新整合、扩充与提升，加大学生在专业课程学习时的主动性和参与度，同时客观上能够促进教师团队的自我进化，促进教育改革的顺利进行。并将当下网络热点话题与汉语言文学教学相结合，使汉语言文学教学回归生活，帮助学生养成良好的汉语言思维方式以及规范的用语习惯，为未来工作生活中的正确使用做足准备。
       新媒体环境对于汉语言文学这种好坏兼有的影响已经引起业内人士的广泛关注和重视，本书在此背景下进行编写，希望借此厘清新媒体与汉语言文学教学之间的关系，为促进汉语言文学教学改革创新，提高汉语言文学教学水平与教学质量做出自己的贡献。
       本书在编写过程中参考了诸多文献，在此谨向其作者表示诚挚的谢意。
       由于作者水平有限，书中内容难免有所错误或疏漏，欢迎读者指正，以便本书的进一步完善。

With the rapid development of science and technology and economy in China, metallurgical engineering has achieved unprecedented development. And metallurgical engineering design has a special meaning for the development of metallurgical engineering. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of theoretical knowledge and more and more practice, our country has been qualified for large-scale iron and steel production. The theory of metallurgical engineering design is constantly improving. Gradually formed in line with the national conditions of China’s design, production ideas and their own unique research methods. As far as the current production level of China is concerned, our country has been in the forefront of the world. It has been used for reference and recognized by many countries in the world. This paper mainly analyzes and introduces the design process and development process of metallurgical engineering. In the future development process of metallurgical enterprises, in addition to the original metallurgical functions, many other functions are added to improve the production efficiency, ensure the quality and protect the environment, which is consistent with the market development. In this way, the core competitiveness of the enterprise can be enhanced, and the healthy and sustainable development of the enterprise can be ensured. The production cost should be reasonably controlled to improve the production efficiency and reduce the waste of resources. Therefore, the enterprise must carry on the innovation to the design idea and the design aspect, will raise the production level.
    This book introduces in detail the basic knowledge, basic concepts, design ideas, design methods and design steps of metallurgical engineering process design. Metallurgical engineering design and construction is a comprehensive technology, which is based on engineering science and focuses on application. In order to transform the scientific and technological achievements of relevant leading cities into productive forces as soon as possible, in addition to the theoretical literacy of scientific and technological personnel and whether they have mastered the correct development methods, understanding and mastering the basic principles and methods of design is another important influencing factor.

前 言

随着我国科技与经济的快速发展，冶金工程取得了前所未有的发展。而冶金工程设计对于冶金工程的发展有着非同一般的含义。在我国这些年理论知识的不断完善,实践越来越多的条件下，我们国家已经具备了大型钢铁生产的资格。冶金工程设计理论也在不断完善。逐步形成符合我国国情的设计，生产理念以及自己独特的研究方法。就我国目前成产水平，我国已经挤在世界前列。得到国际上许多国家的借鉴和认可。本文将主要分析介绍冶金工程的设计过程和发展历程。冶金企业在今后的发展过程当中，在基于原有的冶金功能之外，还添加了许多其他方面的功能，在将生产效率提升的同时，确保质量，对环境起到保护的作用，与市场发展相吻合，如此以来便可将企业的核心竞争力提升上来，确保企业的健康可持续发展，对冶金生产的成本进行合理控制，将生产效率提升上来，减少资源的浪费情况。所以，企业必须要对设计理念和设计方面进行创新，将生产水平提升上来。
       本书详细介绍了冶金工程工艺设计的基础知识、基本概念、设计思想、设计方法以及设计步骤等。冶金工程设计与施工是一门综合技术，它基于工程科学，重点是应用。要把相关领城科技成果尽快转化为生产力，除了科技和工程人员自身的理论素养和是否掌握了正确的开发方法外，了解并掌握设计的基本原理和方法是另一重要的影响因素。