With the gradual improvement of national health institutions’ emphasis on rehabilitation, rehabilitation medicine and nursing have developed rapidly in China, and rehabilitation nursing has also changed significantly in concept, content and technology. Rehabilitation nursing and health care is an indispensable part of rehabilitation medicine. The establishment of the concept of rehabilitation nursing, the basic knowledge of rehabilitation medicine and the mastery of rehabilitation nursing methods are all the necessary knowledge of modern nursing. The establishment of the concept of rehabilitation nursing, the basic knowledge of rehabilitation medicine and the mastery of rehabilitation nursing methods are all the necessary knowledge of modern nursing.
    Learning rehabilitation nursing and health care can enable nurses to have standardized rehabilitation nursing ability, use rehabilitation knowledge and skills to care for patients, so as to achieve the purpose of overall nursing, comprehensive nursing and improving the quality of life of patients, and make nursing technology and nursing level to a new stage. In order to enable the majority of nursing staff to learn more advanced rehabilitation nursing concept, content and technology, better train rehabilitation nursing professionals, guide clinical rehabilitation nursing work, and facilitate readers to consult, we have organized nurses with rich clinical experience to compile this book.
    This book strives to be concise, and rehabilitation nursing and health care theory is closely combined with clinical practice. The content of this book emphasizes the clinical practicability, strengthens the rehabilitation and nursing content of common specialized diseases, and has strong guidance. In the course of compiling the book, we have extensively looked up and consulted the newly published books and magazines on rehabilitation nursing at home and abroad, as well as the compilation of papers of some academic conferences. This book pays more attention to the new theory, new method and new viewpoint of rehabilitation nursing and health care. Through induction and summary, the content of this book is further enriched.

前 言

随着国家卫生机构对康复的重视程度逐渐提高，康复医学和护理学在国内得到了飞速的发展，康复护理在理念、内容、技术方面也发生了明显的变化。康复护理与保健是康复医学工作中不可缺少的重要组成部分。康复护理概念的确立、康复医学基础知识及康复护理方法的掌握等，都是现代护理必备的知识。
      学习康复护理与保健可以使护理人员具有规范的康复护理能力，运用康复知识和技能护理患者，从而达到整体护理、全面护理及提高患者生活质量的目的，使护理技术和护理水平再上一个新的台阶。为了让广大护理人员能够学习到更多先进的康复护理理念、内容、技术，更好地培养康复护理专科人才，指导临床康复护理工作，方便读者查阅，我们组织了临床经验丰富的护理人员编写了本书。本书力求简洁，康复护理与保健理论和临床实践紧密结合。本书内容重点强调临床实用性，强化了常见专科疾病的康复护理内容，重点突出，具有很强的指导性。
      本书在编写过程中，广泛查阅和参考了国内外新近出版的有关康复护理的书籍、杂志，以及某些学术会议的论文汇编等，从中汲取精华。尤其对康复护理与保健的新理论、新方法、新观点更加重视，由此及彼进行归纳及总结，进一步丰富了本书的内容。

Project management is a branch of management. It refers to the use of specialized knowledge, skills, tools and methods in project activities, so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations under the limited resources. It is of great theoretical significance for the study of the management of public bidding in the way of government procurement. Bidding procurement is a fair and democratic way, which is widely used in government procurement. Most of the government invested projects in our country adopt the way of “self built and self managed” bidding procurement to manage government projects, which has many insurmountable disadvantages. Developed countries and regions regard government investment projects as a part of government procurement, and adopt systems such as setting up specialized agencies, strengthening government supervision, contractor access, special contract conditions, project guarantee to manage government projects. Beijing has carried out the pilot and exploration on the bidding and procurement mode of government invested projects, and put forward the bidding and procurement management mode of public institutions and enterprise government invested projects. In fact, the bidding method encouraged in government procurement is the competitive bidding method. According to the competitive bidding method and the competitive, fair and just principles of government procurement, this book studies the bidding and procurement management of the project, so it has important theoretical significance.

前 言

项目管理是一个管理学分支的学科，指在项目活动中运用专门的知识、技能、工具和方法，使项目能够在有限资源限定条件下，实现或超过设定的需求和期望。对于政府采购方式的公开招标投标管理的研究是有重要的理论意义的。招标采购方式是一种公平民主的方式， 在政府采购中广泛应用。 我国大多政府投资项目采用“自建自管”招标采购方式管理政府项目，此种方式存在许多不可克服的弊端。发达国家和地区将政府投资项目列为政府采购的一部分，采取设立专门机构、加强政府监管、承包商准入、特殊合同条件、工程担保等制度管理政府项目。北京市对政府投资项目招标采购模式进行了试点和探索，提出事业单位型和企业型政府投资项目招标采购管理模式。政府采购中鼓励的招标方式实际上就是竞争性的招标方式，根据竞争性招标方式和政府采购的竞争性原则、公平原则、公正原则，本书研究项目的招标投标和采购管理，因此有着重要的理论意义。

In the background of the continuous development of social economy, the level of mechanization and automation has been significantly improved, and the demand for energy is also increasing. In order to meet the energy demand of various industries, we should strengthen the construction of energy power engineering, so as to ensure the economic development of the country. At the same time, energy power engineering has a direct connection with people’s life, such as agriculture. In order to protect people’s life, we need to vigorously develop agriculture, and the development of agriculture cannot be separated from production. Agricultural production requires the use of electrified and mechanized equipment, which requires the support of a large amount of energy. In addition, energy and power engineering also involves national security issues, such as national defense. National defense security needs to be equipped with a variety of weapons and equipment, which need to use energy. In a word, energy power engineering affects the development of our country and people’s life, so we should pay attention to the development of energy power engineering.
     This book will discuss energy, solar energy utilization technology, wind energy utilization technology, water and marine energy utilization technology, biomass energy utilization technology, nuclear energy utilization technology, geothermal energy utilization technology, new energy application in power engineering, etc.

前 言

在社会经济不断发展的背景下，机械化、自动化水平得到了明显提高，对能源也提出了越来越高的需求。为了满足各行业对能源的需求，应加强能源动力工程的建设，从而保障国家的经济发展。能源动力工程与人们的生活有着直接的联系，比如农业，为了保障人们的生活，则需要大力发展农业，而农业的发展离不开生产，农业生产则需要使用电气化、机械化的设备，这就需要大量能量的支持。另外，能源动力工程还涉及国家安全的问题，比如国防方面，国防安全保障需配备各种武器设备，而这些设备就需要使用能源。总之，能源动力工程影响着国家的发展、人们的生活，因此应重视能源动力工程的发展。
     本书将对能源太阳能利用技术、风能利用技术、水能和海洋能利用技术、生物质能利用技术、核能利用技术、地热能利用技术、新能源在动力工程中的应用等方面进行一定的论述。

It has been a long time since human beings dealt with rock and soil to solve problems related to clothing, food, housing and transportation, and they have accumulated rich experience. With the development of modern engineering construction to a larger, deeper, higher and heavier direction, it brings a series of new problems to geotechnical engineering. The traditional and experienced geotechnical engineering technology has been unable to meet the requirements of quality, speed, environment, durability and safety in contemporary engineering construction. Geotechnical engineering has established its own more complete system, more powerful theory, more advanced technology, as well as the operation method in accordance with the objective laws, so that geotechnical engineering will rise from technology to science, and people can use science to develop technology and innovate technology, which is the general trend.
      Due to the wide range of geotechnical engineering, its personality under different conditions is also very obvious. Although the countermeasures and methods to deal with the new problems of geotechnical engineering change with each passing day and emerge in endlessly, its exploitable potential is still great. Due to the limited space, we must work hard on “highlighting the theme, setting up the structure, focusing on the ideas, studying the laws, pointing out the direction, and promoting the deepening”. Instead of seeking for more, we should seek for the precise method, and pay attention to the thinking method, theoretical basis, basic principle and typical analysis of understanding, analyzing and solving problems. It can not replace the important role of the existing large amount of materials and documents, and can only provide necessary help for better utilization and understanding of the existing large amount of materials and creation of new materials. The establishment of system of the book and the analysis, classification or evaluation of some problems naturally reflect the author’s own understanding, experience and views. It can only be regarded as a kind of opinion in the phenomenon of “Schools of Thought Contend”, aiming to create a loose atmosphere and environment for academic criticism and in-depth discussion.

前 言

人类和岩土打交道来解决自己衣、食、住、行中的有关问题已经年代久远，也已经积累了丰富的经验。由于现代的工程建设不断向更大、更深、更高、更重的方向发展，它又给岩土工程带来了一系列的新的问题。传统的、经验性的岩土工程技术，已经越来越不能够与当代工程建设在质量、速度、环境、耐久以及安全等方面的要求相适应。岩土工程建立起自已更完整的体系，更有力的理论，更先进的技术，以及符合客观规律的运作方法， 使岩土工程从技术上升到科学， 用科学来发展技术、创新技术已是大势之所趋。
       由于岩土工程的涉及面十分广阔，它不同条件下的个性也十分明显。虽然处理岩土工程新问题的对策和方法日新月异，层出不穷，但它的可开发潜力仍然很大。因篇幅有限，必须在“突出主题、搭好结构、着重思路、研究规律、指明方向、推动深化”上下工夫，不求全求多，但求精求法，注重于认识问题、分析问题和解决问题的思维方法、理论依据、基本原则与典型剖析。它不想替代、也无法替代已有大量资料文献的重要作用，只想尽量为更好地利用与理解现有大量资料和创造新的资料提供必要的帮助。本书体系的建立和对一些问题的分析、分类或评价，自然反映了编著者自己的认识、体会与观点。它只可视为“百家争鸣”中的一种见解，以便为学术批评与深入探讨创造一种宽松的气氛与环境。

In geotechnical engineering, exploration technology is its basic work, which plays an important role in the operation quality of the whole project. Due to the late start of exploration technology in China, there are still some problems in practical application. It is necessary to strengthen the analysis and evaluation of exploration technology data and improve the level of exploration technology according to the actual exploration experience, so as to carry out effective geotechnical exploration work and promote the sustainable and healthy development of society.
    Geotechnical engineering geological exploration engineering is a long-term work, with a long way to go. With the application of new technology, new methods and new materials in geological exploration engineering, geological disaster prevention measures and construction technology will step into a new stage. With the rapid development of China’s economy, the technology of engineering geological exploration has been constantly improved. Both the technical level of the exploration personnel, the exploration equipment and the exploration technology have made great progress. In order to keep the quality of geotechnical engineering, it is necessary to explore the basic geology of the project, so as to understand the specific situation of the basic geology and select appropriate treatment measures.
     Because there are different foundation soils in different regions, it is necessary to understand the main technical contradictions and problems in geotechnical engineering exploration. Only when we have a complete understanding of the intention and requirements of engineering design, can we carry out geotechnical investigation. In the exploration, it is necessary to analyze the design of underground engineering, engineering foundation and problems that are easy to occur in the construction, so as to put forward more scientific and economic solutions.

前 言

在岩土工程当中，勘查技术是其基础工作，对整个工程项目运行质量具有重要的作用，我国因勘查技术起步较晚，在实际应用当中，还存在一些问题，需要根据实际勘查经验，加强勘查技术资料分析评价，并提高勘查技术水平，以展开有效的岩土勘查工作，促进社会的持续健康发展。
      岩土工程地质勘查工程是一项长期的工作，任重而道远。随着新技术、新方法、新材料在地质勘查工程中应用，地质灾害防治措施和施工技术必将迈向新的台阶。我国经济的快速发展，工程地质勘查技术得到了不断的提升，无论是勘查人员的技术水平还是勘查设备、勘查技术等都有很大的发展。要想保住岩土工程的质量就要对工程的基础地质进行勘查，这样才能了解基础地质的具体情况，选择合适的处理措施。
      因为不同的地域有不同的地基土，所以在进行岩土工程的勘查工作时，一定要了解工程最主要的技术矛盾和主要的技术问题。只有完全地了解了工程设计的意图和设计的要求才能够进行岩土的勘查工作。在勘查时，要分析地下工程的设计、工程基础和在施工时容易出现的问题，这样才能够提出更科学、更经济的解决办法。