Urban public transportation is mass transportation. It is the necessary public infrastructure for urban production and life. It is an important link to prosper urban economy and improve residents’ life. It is also the window of urban spiritual civilization. It serves the public and is a people-oriented transportation system. With the development of economy and society, the diversity of people’s travel demand is more obvious. The development of ordinary public transport system has been unable to meet the needs of current urban passengers, so we must develop a variety of public transport systems such as large capacity and BRT to meet their diverse needs. In addition, with the development of urban-rural economic integration and the realization of economic policies such as urban guiding rural development, urban radiation transportation and urban-rural integration transportation also need to be included in urban transportation planning, which makes urban public transportation system planning need more comprehensive theoretical guidance. Based on this purpose, this book is compiled.
    Urban public transport planning is one of the important professional basic courses for transportation majors. This course plays an important role in correctly understanding the principles of public transport planning and guiding practical work for students of transportation majors. It also lays a foundation for understanding and learning other professional courses.

前 言

        城市公共交通是大众交通，它是城市生产和生活所必需的公共基础设施，是繁荣城市经济和改善居民生活的重要环节， 是城市精神文明的窗口。 它面向大众服务，是以人为本的交通系统。随着经济社会的发展，人们出行需求的多样性体现得更加明显，普通公共交通系统发展已经不能满足目前城市旅客的需求，使得我们必须发展大容量、快速公交等多样的公共交通系统来满足其多样性的需求。另外，随着城乡经济一体化的发展，城市引导农村发展等经济政策的实现，也需要我们把城市辐射交通、城乡一体化交通列入城市交通规划的内容，这使得对城市公共交通系统规划需要有更加全面的理论来指导，基于此目的编写了本书。
        城市公共交通规划是交通运输类专业的重要专业基础课之一，本课程对交通运输类专业的学生正确认识公共交通规划原理并用以指导实际工作具有重要的作用，同时也为了解和学习其他专业课奠定基础。

    The existence and development of human beings on the earth is inseparable from the determination of the location of points, the determination of boundary points and lines, the determination of the area of these places and the location of construction projects.Surveying science is developed to meet the needs of human survival and development and positioning technology of construction engineering. The task of construction engineering survey mainly includes mapping and surveying. Surveying and mapping refers to the use of measuring instruments and tools, through field measurement and calculation to obtain a series of measurement information, the earth's surface topography into a topographic map or compiled into data for economic construction, planning and design, scientific research and national defense construction.
      Engineering survey usually refers to the general term of various survey theories, methods and engineering survey technologies used in the survey, design, construction and management stages of engineering construction. The service field of traditional engineering survey technology includes construction, water conservancy, transportation, mining and other industries, and its basic content includes mapping and lofting. Modern engineering survey has far broken through the concept of only serving engineering construction. It not only involves the measurement of static and dynamic geometric and physical quantities, but also includes the analysis of measurement results and even the prediction of the development trend of objects. 

    Today, China is in the tide of national informatization. The country should promote modernization and accelerate the economic and social development of our country by promoting informatization. It is in the context of national information construction that promotes the development of Surveying and mapping information. The demand of national economic construction and social sustainable development for geospatial information such as time, space and attribute or generalized surveying and mapping information is also growing rapidly. Surveying and mapping disciplines and industries are playing an increasingly important role in national informatization and modernization. In order to meet the needs of national information construction, surveying and mapping is beginning to enter a new stage of information surveying and mapping. Therefore, it puts forward higher requirements for the construction of Surveying and mapping talent team.

前 言

        人类在地球上的生存、发展离不开点位置的确定，离不开边界点、边界线的确定， 离不开这些场所的面积以及建筑工程的位置测定。 测量科学正是适应人类生存、发展的需要和建筑工程建设的定位技术需求而发展起来。建筑工程测量的任务主要包括测绘和测设两部分。测绘是指使用测量仪器和工具，通过实地测量和计算得到一系列测量信息，把地球表面的地形绘成地形图或编制成数据资料，供经济建设、规划设计、科学研究和国防建设使用。
        工程测量通常是指在工程建设的勘测设计、施工和管理阶段中运用的各种测量理论、方法和工程测量技术的总称。传统工程测量技术的服务领域包括建筑、水利、交通、矿山等行业，其基本内容有测图和放样两部分。现代工程测量已经远远突破了仅仅为工程建设服务的概念，它不仅涉及工程的静态、动态几何与物理量测定，而且包括对测量结果的分析，甚至对物体发展变化的趋势进行预报。
        当今中国正处于国家信息化大潮之中，国家要通过推进信息化，促进现代化，加速我国经济、社会的发展。正是在国家信息化建设的大背景下促使测绘信息化的发展。国民经济建设和社会可持续发展对诸如时间、空间、属性这类地理空间信息或者说广义测绘信息的需求也在迅速增长。测绘学科和行业在国家信息化和现代化建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。为了适应国家信息化建设的需求，测绘正开始步入信息化测绘新阶段。由此对测绘人才队伍建设提出了更高的要求。

Expressway is a kind of modern highway transportation facility, and a special highway for cars to drive, which provides basic conditions and guarantee for the fast, safe, comfortable and continuous operation of cars. The construction of expressways can not only greatly improve the conditions of highway transportation, but also produce huge economic and social benefits, and bring about a huge change in people's beliefs. With the increase of investment, the continuous expansion of road network scale and the basic formation of the industrialization development trend, expressways occupy an increasingly important position in the national and regional transportation system, and also play a significant role in our economic life, profoundly influencing national and regional economic systems. Therefore, the construction and management of expressways in our country, as a special economic phenomenon, continuously influences and changes our life style, and also arouses the attention and consideration of the whole society. In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy, the construction pace of domestic highways has also accelerated. Many provinces have carried out many useful explorations in highway maintenance, road administration, toll and operation management, and received remarkable results. All sectors of society have a high evaluation on the service level of highways. But at the same time, there are many problems in highway management across the country, which need to be studied and resolved as soon as possible.
  Expressway construction refers to the process of making decisions, planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling for all activities in the construction process of expressway engineering projects. It integrates many related professional knowledge, such as traffic engineering, economics, and management, and involves the intersection of multiple disciplines. Due to its short development history and rapid construction development, the current popularization of knowledge and theoretical research on highways in our country generally lags behind the pace of highway construction and development practices. This book is specially compiled to better adapt to the needs of the rapid development of highway construction in our country, and to meet people's needs for understanding highways.

前 言

高速公路是一种现代化的公路交通设施，是专供汽车行驶的专用公路，为汽车的快速、安全、舒适、连续地运行提供了基本条件和保证。高速公路的建设不仅能够极大地改善公路交通运输状况，而且也能够产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益，带来人们观念上的巨大变革。随着投资的增加、路网规模的不断扩大以及产业化发展的态势基本形成，高速公路不仅在国家及地区交通运输体系中占有越来越重要的地位，同时也在我们的经济生活中扮演着日益重要的角色，对国家、地区经济系统产生着十分深远的影响。因此，我国高速公路建设和管理作为一种特殊的经济现象，在不断地影响和改变我们的生活方式的同时，也引发了全社会的关注和思考。近年来，随着国民经济迅猛发展，国内高速公路建设的步伐也随之加快。各省在高速公路的养护、路政、收费和运营管理等方面进行了许多有益的探索，取得了显著成绩，社会各界对高速公路的服务水平有着较高的评价。但同时，全国的高速公路管理工作也存在不少问题，需要尽快研究，加以解决。
      高速公路建设与施工是以高速公路工程项目为对象，对其建设过程中的所有活动进行决策、计划、组织、协调和控制的过程。它综合了交通工程、经济、管理等相关专业知识，涉及多学科的交叉。由于其发展历史较短、建设发展速度快，目前我国有关高速公路知识的普及和理论的研究总体上滞后于高速公路建设与施工与发展实践的步伐。为了更好地适应我国高速公路建设与施工事业迅速发展的需要，满足人们对高速公路认知的需求，特编写本书。

Landscape design is an ancient and young discipline in China. It is ancient because the history of afforestation can be traced back to thousands of years ago, and there are excellent traditional garden norms and theories in the world. It is young because the discipline is constantly evolving in practice and development, and it is only in recent years that it is in line with the integration of modern society. For Chinese modern landscape planning and design, we need to actively respond to globalization, face up to the problems and seize the opportunity. On the one hand, we should actively accept external information, resources and energy, and learn ideas and methods from foreign landscape planning and design, and use the latest technology to innovate boldly. On the other hand, we should inherit and develop the tradition, stick to the Chinese characteristics, and express the connotation, exquisite style and unique form of the blend of feelings and scenes in accordance with the broad and profound national traditional garden spirit and the aesthetic choice and way of appreciation of the Chinese people. We should be open and unique to create a more sustainable and virtuous cycle of modern Chinese landscape architecture.

前 言

园林设计在我国是一门古老而又年轻的学科，说它古老是因为造林史可以追溯到几千年以前，有世界绝佳的传统园林规范和理论，说它年轻是因为这门学科在实践和发展中不断的演变，近年来才与现代社会融合相接轨。对于中国现代园林景观规划设计而言，更需要主动地应对全球化，正视问题，抓住机遇。一方面积极接受外部信息、资源和能量,借鉴国外景观规划设计的思想与手法，利用最新技术大胆创新；另一方面继承和发展传统，固守中国特色，以博大、精深的民族传统园林精神，按照中国人的审美取舍与欣赏方式，表现情景交融的内涵、精致细腻的风格和独具一格的形式。以开放性和独特性营造出更具持续性和良性循环的中国现代园林景观。

With the establishment and development of China’s socialist market economy, fire safety is an important part of national economy and social development. It is the only way for the sustainable development of China’s fire industry to speed up the improvement of social fire safety management level and improve the whole society’s ability to resist fire. This book focuses on the training of fire protection theory and supervision and management, and mainly focuses on the basic requirements and rigid standards of law enforcement in each process, each link, each behavior and each action of fire protection product supervision and management. It is a comprehensive, important and instructive reference book to highlight the standardization, operability and practicability, based on the fire laws and regulations, on the basis of cleaning up the normative documents of law enforcement in the early stage, and with the examples of legal documents as the main carrier, and comprehensively integrate the provisions on law enforcement and case handling scattered in the normative documents.

前 言

随着我国社会主义市场经济的确立和发展，消防安全事业是国民经济和社会发展的重要组成部分，加快提高社会消防安全管理水平，提高全社会整体抗御火灾能力， 是我国消防事业可持续发展的必经之路。 本书以培养消防理论与监督管理为主，主要以消防队伍执法者在消防产品监督管理中每个流程、每个环节、每个行为和每个动作的执法基本要求和刚性标准为中心。突出规范性、操作性、实用性，以消防法规为基础，在前期清理执法规范性文件的基础上，以法律文书范例为主要载体，将目前分散在各规范性文件之中有关执法办案的规定进行全面整合，是一本具有综合性、要点性、指导性的工具书。