道路工程施工技术在城市建设中起到非常重要的作用，道路工程是我国交通运输的重要保障，对于社会的发展尤其是经济的不断发展，起着纽带性的作用。道路工程作为发展国民经济的重要基础设施，需要正确的决策思想规范技术，对施工技术的质量进行有效的管理，确保道路工程质量使用寿命。道路工程施工过程中要把施工技术与工程项目管理放在首要位置，因为道路工程的质量直接关系到企业的经济效益，直接决定了道路工程的寿命周期、维修费用以及行车安全。道路工程施工技术与工程项目管理可以保证公路施工的安全性，有效的预防和避免因道路质量引起的交通安全事故，通过对施工质量的管理，保障人们的财产安全。现代道路工程施工质量管理好坏直接影响到工程质量和运输的顺利通行，关系到企业的发展和城市经济的稳步运转。牢固树立质量第一的意识，加强施工技术与工程项目，从根本上提高道路工程施工质量，需要采用科学的管理方法，总结出最好的施工方案。要确保工期，根据施工图的内容合理的安排施工的顺序以并优化资源配置，科学组织管理指挥文明施工。施工过程要因地制宜，以人为本，做好电力、交通和施工现场、材料等规划，防止水土流失和坚守节约用水的基本原则，尽量减少污染。保证道路   施工质量，保证交通运输的顺畅，促进社会经济发展。
        我国经济的发展带动了交通业的不断进步，道路是城市发展和物质流通的重要枢纽在道路施工的过程中对技术质量进行管理控制不是一件简单的事情，需要多方面的积极配合，不断完善和改进施工技术，在保证施工质量的前提下，进一步提高道路工程的使用经济性、安全性、及持久耐用性。

大数据背景下，企业想要更好地发展，必须开展良好的人力资源管理工作，通过人力资源管理，最大程度提升人员的价值。大数据时代背景下，企业为了提升人力资源管理工作的质量，纷纷开始对人力资源管理进行变革，取得了不错的效果。但深入分析后发现，人力资源管理工作当中依然存在一些问题，导致人员无法体现出最大的价值。因此，对大数据时代背景下企业人力资源管理的变革思路进行研究具有重要意义，为进一步提升企业人力资源管理工作质量奠定良好基础。
       时代发展与科学技术的进步给人们的生活带来了巨大的变化。基于互联网技术的大数据时代已经到来，并且对人们的生活与工作都产生了深远影响。因此在企业中借助大数据信息进行人力资源管理，也是新时代发展的必然结果。

       大数据的出现，对企业人力资源管理提出了更高的要求，这一背景下，企业想要更好地发展，必须要对人力资源管理进行变革，具体来说，应转变管理观念，优化管理制度，构建高素质管理人才队伍，加强对信息化技术的应用。

City is the center of political, economic, technological and cultural activities in  modern society. Accelerating urbanization and urban growth has been the most powerful  and lasting trend in modern society. China has entered a new stage of accelerated  development of urbanization. Great changes are taking place in both the denotative  expansion and the connotative development of cities. In the key stage of China’s urban  comprehensive development, how to promote the healthy development of cities in  different scales and grades, how to use the market mechanism to enhance the  competitiveness of the city, how to reasonably and effectively play the city’s functions to  meet the needs of citizens in various fields such as material economy, social culture,  security and even ecological environment, and how to actively explore and improve the  urban management system and operation mechanism, promoting the coordinated  development of urban planning, construction and management and others are practical  issues in the theoretical research and practical work of municipal management.  With the rapid development of the city, construction technology has become  particularly important. The content of municipal administration has also been expanded.  The government needs to do a good job in the planning, construction and management of  the city, strengthen the construction of various public facilities, carry out comprehensive  environmental improvement, guide and promote the specialized cooperation,  reorganization and union, technological transformation and management modernization of  enterprises, guide and promote the rational circulation of materials and commodities, and  do a good job in culture, education, health and society social welfare and various services,  promote the construction of spiritual civilization, these are important public affairs in the  city. Municipal management and construction technology is an important part in the  development of urbanization, which runs through the whole process of urban development.  Therefore, the main factors of building a civilized city are to standardize the content of  municipal management and improve the level of construction technology. 

前 言  

城市是现代社会政治、经济、科技、文化活动的中心，不断加快的城市化与城 市增长一直是现代社会最有力、最持久的趋势。中国已经进入城市化加速发展的新 阶段，无论是城市的外延扩张还是内涵发展都在发生重大的变革。在中国城市全面 发展的关键阶段，如何推进不同规模等级的城市健康发展，如何利用市场机制提升 城市的竞争力，如何合理有效地发挥城市功能，满足市民在物质经济、社会文化、 安全保障乃至生态环境等各个领域的需求，以及如何积极探索和改善城市管理体制 和运行机制，促进城市规划、建设和管理协调发展，诸如此类的问题都是市政管理 的理论研究和实践工作的现实课题。 施工技术伴随着城市的快速发展变得尤为重要。市政的内容也由于城市发展得 到扩充，城市政府需要做好城市的规划、建设和管理，加强各种公用设施的建设， 进行环境的综合整治，指导和促进企业的专业化协作、改组联合、技术改造和经营 管理现代化，指导和促进物资和商品的合理流通，搞好文教、卫生、社会福利事业 和各项服务事业，促进精神文明的建设等，这些都成为城市中重要的公共事务。市 政管理与施工技术是城市化发展中的重要内容，它贯穿于城市发展的整个过程中， 由此，规范化市政管理内容，提高施工技术水平是建设文明城市的主要因素。

As the infrastructure of the city, municipal engineering has an important social  function, not only related to the people's clothing, food, housing, transportation, but also  affects the construction of urban political, economic and cultural environment. The  technical disclosure is a very important technical management work for construction  enterprises. Its purpose is to make the technical personnel and workers involved in the  construction of the construction project familiar with and understand the characteristics of  the project, design intent, technical requirements, management and other issues that should  be paid attention to. With the construction and investment scale of municipal infrastructure  engineering projects expanding year by year, in order to strengthen the standardized  management of engineering data and improve the engineering technology level and  management level, we organized and compiled this book.  In the process of compiling, we followed the guiding principle of “combining with  reality, strengthening management, process control and reasonable classification”,  according to the current relevant national laws, regulations, norms and regulations, and  referring to relevant local standards and other documents, we solicited the opinions of  relevant units and experts, combined with the characteristics of municipal infrastructure  engineering. We also take into account the development trend of municipal infrastructure  construction project management, strive to combine theory with practice, pay attention to  the summary of construction practice experience, and integrate the contents of the new  specification to make it easy to understand, reflecting knowledge, authority, foresight,  applicability and operability.  In order to ensure the practicability, advanced nature and foresight of the book, we  have learned and quoted some reference materials from abroad. During the compilation of  this book, some engineers and technicians who have worked hard in the front-line of  engineering construction have also provided us with a great deal of valuable technical data  for construction project management. At the same time, due to the short writing time, it is  inevitable that the contents of the series are omitted or unsatisfactory. We sincerely hope  that the readers can make criticism and correction. 

前 言  

市政工程作为城市的基础设施，有着重要的社会功能，不仅关系到市民的衣、 食、住、行，还影响到城市政治、经济、文化环境的建设。而技术交底是施工企业 极为重要的一项技术管理工作，其目的是使参与建筑工程施工的技术人员与工人熟 悉和了解所承担的工程项目的特点、设计意图、技术要求、各项管理工作等，应注 意的问题。随着市政基础设施工程项目建设和投资规模逐年扩大，为了加强工程资 料的规范化管理、提高工程技术水平和管理水平，我们组织编写了这本。 在编写过程中我们按照“结合实际、强化管理、过程控制、合理分类”的指导 原则，依据国家现行相关的法律、法规、规范、规程，并参考了相关地方标准等文 件，征求了相关单位和专家的意见，结合市政基础设施工程专业特点，并考虑到市 政基础设施建设工程管理的发展趋势进行编写，力求理论与实际相结合，注重施工 实践经验的总结，并将新规范的内容融会贯通，做到通俗易懂，体现知识性、权威 性、前瞻性、适用性和可操作性。 为保证本书的实用性、先进性、前瞻性，在本书编写过程中，我们吸取、引用 了国外有关的参考资料，部分工程项目管理的专业人员和奋战在工程建设一线的技 术人员也给我们提供了大量有参考价值的施工项目管理技术资料，在此表示衷心感 谢。同时，由于编写时间仓促，丛书内容疏漏或不如人意之处在所难免，恳请广大 读者批评指正。

With the process of industrialization and urbanization, our country has made  remarkable achievements in economic construction. However, due to the recombination of  labor, changes in people’s values, changes in family structure and demographic structure,  and intensified social competition that occurred during this process, the psychological  stress factors in people’s lives have increased, causing new spiritual and behavior  problems for human beings. In order to help us adapt to the changes of the mental illness  problems in our country and the new requirements for relevant prevention and treatment,  the editors, based on their own clinical experience for years, compiled this book, Research  on Diagnosis, Treatment and Nursing Practice of Practical Psychiatric Disease. During the compiling process, the editors paid attention to the reference to a large  number of relevant professional literature, concisely explained the etiology and  classification of mental disorders, symptoms of mental disorders, diagnosis, treatment and  nursing of organic mental disorders, mental disorders caused by psychoactive substances,  schizophrenia, mood disorders, neurosis, etc. This book, concise and easy to read, can be  used for reference by psychiatrists, nurses, and trainees. 

前 言  

随着工业化、都市化的进程，我国在经济建设上取得了举世瞩目的成就。但在 此过程中，由于劳动力的重新组合，价值观念的改变，家庭结构和人口结构的变化 及社会竞争不断加剧，导致人们生活中的心理应激因素增加，带来了新的精神心理 和行为问题。为适应我国精神疾病的变化和对防治工作提出的新要求，编者结合自 身多年的临床工作经验撰写了这本《实用精神科疾病诊疗与护理实践研究》。 在编写过程中，编者注重参阅大量相关专业文献，简明扼要地阐述精神障碍的 病因与分类，精神障碍的症状，脑器质性精神障碍的诊疗与护理，精神活性物质所 致精神障碍的诊疗与护理，精神分裂症的诊疗与护理，心境障碍的诊疗与护理，神 经症的诊疗与护理等。本书简明扼要，便于阅读查看，可供精神科医师、护士、进 修人员查阅参考。