As an important infrastructure in China, the construction level of port and waterway engineering determines the future development and trade status of ports and channels. In recent years, with the popularization of various automation and information technology, port and waterway construction has gradually developed towards intellectual, but there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries. This paper analyzes the current situation of China’s port and waterway engineering and clarifies the problems existing in the development and construction of port and waterway engineering, and also looks forward to the suggestions for accelerating the construction and development of port and waterway engineering in the future. With the acceleration of the process of global economic integration, as an important node in the global transportation network, port is the distribution center of foreign trade import and export goods, and also an important node of international logistics supply chain as well as the hub of logistics channel. Its function is constantly expanding, and it plays an increasingly important role in promoting the development of regional economy. However, we should also be aware that some outstanding contradictions and problems in the development of the port over the years have yet to be solved, the layout and structure of the port are not reasonable, and the extensive pattern of port construction and operation still needs to be greatly changed. Therefore, it can be said that the task of speeding up the construction and development of modern ports is still very heavy .

前 言

港口与航道工程作为中国重要基础设施，建设水平决定了各处港口、航道未来发展和贸易地位。近年来，随着各类自动化、信息化技术的推广，港口与航道建设已经逐步向着智能化方向发展，但是，相较于发达国家仍然存在一定差距。论文分析了中国港口与航道工程现状，明确港口与航道工程发展建设期间存在的问题，展望了加快港口与航道工程未来建设发展的建议。港口与航道工程作为中国重要基础设施，建设水平决定了各处港口、航道未来发展和贸易地位。近年来，随着各类自动化、信息化技术的推广，港口与航道建设已经逐步向着智能化方向发展，但是，相较于发达国家仍然存在一定差距。本文分析了中国港口与航道工程现状，明确港口与航道工程发展建设期间存在的问题，展望了加快港口与航道工程未来建设发展
的建议。
       随着全球经济一体化进程的加快，港口作为全球运输网络中的一个重要节点，是对外贸易进出口货物的集散中心，也是国际物流供应链的重要节点与物流通道的枢纽，其功能正在不断地拓展，对于区域经济的发展起着越来越重要的促进作用。但是，我们还须清醒地认识到，多年来港口发展中的一些突出矛盾与问题，还有待解决，港口的布局与结构还不尽合理，码头的建设、经营的粗放格局，还需要有大的转变。因而可以说，加快建设与发展现代港口的任务，依然十分繁重。

The purpose of civil engineering is to form a comfortable and beautiful space and passageway for human production or life. It is not only the material needs, but also the symbolic spiritual needs. With the development of society, the engineering structure is becoming more and more large and complex. Super high-rise buildings, super large bridges, giant dams and complex subway systems are emerging to meet people’s living needs and become the symbol of social strength.
    In the current society, environmental problems have become the top priority. The environment for human survival and development is facing severe challenges. The rapid development and effective utilization of resources make it increasingly exhausted. The ecological environment has been seriously damaged, resulting in a variety of pollution accidents occurred frequently. Environmental problems have become one of the global problems that human beings are facing, which has aroused the universal concern of all countries. The essence of environmental problems is the problem of development. In order to realize the coordinated development of human beings and the environment, create a beautiful home and rebuild beautiful mountains and rivers, we must take the road of sustainable development. In recent years, with the increase of national infrastructure construction, mine construction has been rapid development, and the impact on the environment caused by more and more social attention. Infrastructure plays a very important role in social and economic development, but it also has a serious impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the ecological environment, save land, and deal with the relationship with society and economy, so as to realize the sustainable development of traffic environment and build our country into a socialist harmonious society.

前 言

土木工程的目的是形成人类生产或生活所需要的、功能良好且舒适美观的空间和通道。它既是物质方面的需要，也有象征精神方面的需求。随着社会的发展，工程结构越来越大型化、复杂化，超高层建筑、特大型桥梁、巨型大坝、复杂的地铁系统不断涌现，满足人们的生活需求，同时也演变为社会实力的象征。
       当前社会，环境问题已经成为重中之重。人类赖以生存和发展的环境受到严峻挑战，资源的迅猛开发与有效利用，使其在日益枯竭。生态环境遭到了严重破坏，造成各种污染事故频频发生。环境问题已经成为当今人类面临的全球性问题之一，引起了各国的普遍关注。环境问题的实质是发展问题，要实现人类同环境的协调发展，创造美好家园，再造秀美山川，就要走可持续发展的道路。近年来，随着国家对以基础建设力度的加大，矿山建设得到迅猛发展，造成的对环境的影响越来越受到社会的关注。基础建设对社会和经济的发展有着非常重要的劳动作用，但它同时对环境产生严重的影响。因此如何在土木工程建设的同时，保护生态环境，节约土地，并处理好同社会、经济的关系，进而实现交通环境的可持续发展，把我国建设成一个社会主义和谐社会。

With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, the housing construction industry has also been greatly developed. People put forward higher requirements for the quality of housing construction projects. Only by fully meeting the needs of different groups can we improve the level of housing construction. At present, technological innovation also promotes the level of building structure design, and the standard of housing is getting higher and higher. Housing structure design plays a decisive role in the quality of housing construction projects. If the housing structure design is not reasonable, it will affect the life of the house. Starting from the actual situation, this paper analyzes the structural design of the house, and puts forward the corresponding measures comprehensively, so as to improve the quality of housing construction.
    In the design process of building structure, it is necessary to improve the construction quality of the whole project through the use of optimization technology, which can also shorten the construction period and reduce the construction cost to a certain extent. Based on the analysis of the object of optimization design technology in the design of building structure, this paper constructs the application ideas of optimization technology in the specific work process, and puts forward the specific use criteria of optimization technology on this basis, so as to make the final results have higher utilization value. 

 Foundation design is the main part of the building structure design, and its design effect has a great influence on the stability of the whole building structure. Based on this article, combined with theoretical practice, on the basis of briefly describing the factors affecting the foundation design, the paper analyzes the selection of housing foundation design, and puts forward specific design points. The analysis results show that there are many influencing factors in the foundation design. It is necessary to combine the engineering characteristics, select the reasonable foundation type, and strictly control the key points of the foundation design, so as to design the high-quality foundation design scheme and ensure the construction quality of the building.

前 言

经济飞速发展和人们生活水平的提高，房屋建筑行业也得到了长足发展。人们对房屋建筑工程质量提出了更高要求，只有全面满足不同人群需要，才能提高房屋建筑水平，当前，技术创新也推动了房屋建筑结构设计水平，房屋的标准越来越高。房屋结构设计对房屋建筑工程质量有决定性作用，如果房屋结构设计不合理，则会影响房屋的寿命。文章从实际情况出发，对房屋的结构设计进行分析，全面提出相应措施，以此，提高房屋建筑质量。
       在房屋建筑结构的设计过程中，需要通过对优化技术的使用，提高整个工程项目的施工质量，还可以在一定程度上缩短工期并降低施工成本。基于对房屋建筑结构设计中优化设计技术使用对象的分析，本文构建了具体工作过程中优化技术的应用思路，并在此基础上提出优化技术的具体使用准则，从而使最终获得的结果具有更高的利用价值。
      基础设计是房屋建筑结构设计的主要组成部分，其设计效果对整个房屋建筑结构的稳定性有较大影响。基于此文章中结合理论实践，在简要阐述影响基础设计因素的基础上，分析了房屋基础设计的选型，并提出具体的设计要点。分析结果表明，基础设计中影响因素众多，需要结合工程特性，选择合理的基础型式，并严格把控基础设计要点，才能设计高品质的基础设计方案，保证房屋建筑施工质量。

With the rapid development of network multimedia, book printing technology and other science and technology, as well as their wide application in practice, social symbols other than language play an increasingly important role in discourse communication. Scholars in the field of discourse analysis are gradually aware of the unique role of other
semiotic resources, namely modality, in the expression of meaning. Whether in literature or other non literary works, such as advertisements, news reports, legal documents, traffic signs and other different language categories of discourse, images, colors, sounds, page layout, materials and other modes can reflect certain meaning, and together with language to construct the overall meaning of the text. Therefore, the rise and development of multimodal discourse analysis theory is inevitable, and it is a brand-new theory emerging under the background of the increasingly prominent status of multimodal discourse in human life.

From the long-term situation of Japanese teaching, the teaching of Japanese course still continues the tradition of exam oriented education. The teaching content is mainly around Japanese passing examination. Most Japanese classes are still in a state of knowledge indoctrination. Classroom interaction only stays in a single question and answer mode, and even there is no classroom interaction. The traditional Japanese teaching mode does not make full use of modern teaching means and network resources, and the teaching content mainly comes from textbooks. From the perspective of students’ practical ability of Japanese, the ability of listening, speaking and writing is generally weak, and the teaching effect of Japanese is not ideal. With the development of information technology and the penetration of cultural elements, information transmission has shown a diversified
and multi-dimensional development trend.
   How to cultivate the students’ innovative thinking ability is a major issue for Japanese teachers. In order to achieve the goal of Japanese talent training and deepen the teaching reform, the teaching process has become more and more critical. In Japanese teaching, it is necessary to cultivate students’ innovative thinking ability, stimulate their interest in learning, and let them form the habit of autonomous and conscious learning as soon as possible, so that the students can not only master the knowledge they have learned, but also master the methods of learning knowledge, so that they can apply what they have learned and learn flexibly.

前 言

随着网络多媒体，书籍印刷技术和其他科学技术的迅速发展以及它们在实践中的广泛应用，语言之外的其他社会符号在话语交际中扮演着越来越重要的角色。话语分析领域的学者们逐渐意识到其他符号资源，即模态，在体现意义方面的独特作用。无论在文学还是其他非文学作品中，例如广告、新闻报道、法律文件、交通标志等不同语类的语篇，图像、颜色、声音、页面布局、材质等各种模态都可以体现一定的意义，并和语言共同构建语篇的整体意义。因此，多模态话语分析理论的兴起与发展是必然的，是多模态话语在人类生活中地位日益突出的背景下应运而生的崭新的理论。
       从长期以来的日语教学状况来看，日语课程的教学还是延续着传统，以应试教育为主，教学内容主要围绕日语过级考试而展开，大多数日语课堂仍处于一种知识灌输的状态，课堂互动也只是停留在单一的问答模式上，甚至还存在无课堂互动的现象。传统日语教学模式没有充分利用现代化教学手段和网络资源，教学内容主要来源于课本。从学生的日语实际应用能力来看，日语听、说、写的能力普遍较弱，日语的教学效果很不理想。随着信息技术的发展以及文化元素的渗透，信息传递已呈现多元化、多维度发展趋势。
       如何在日语教学中培养学生的创新思维能力，是一个值得广大日语教师认真探讨的重大课题。为实现日语人才培养目标，深化教学改革，教学过程就变得越发关键。在日语教学中要培养学生的创新思维能力，激发他们的学习兴趣，尽快让他们形成自主、自觉学习的习惯，使培养出来的学生不仅能够掌握所学的知识，还能掌握学习知识的方法，学以致用，学能活用。

In recent years, with the rapid development of China’s animal husbandry situation, especially the emergence of small and medium-sized farms and free range farmers, the knowledge of animal disease prevention and control is very little, which leads to the occurrence of diseases in production. With the development of industrialization, intensification and industrialization of animal husbandry, due to the influence of management facilities, internal and external environment changes, diet coordination, feeding methods and other factors, as well as the continuous increase of breeding density, scientific management level can not keep up with the rapid expansion of production scale, which can lead to metabolic disorders and nutritional disorders of animals. It directly or indirectly caused serious economic losses to the development of animal husbandry, especially the mass disease has become the main factor restricting the development of large-scale farms.

   There are many kinds of animal diseases in China, the pathogen is complex and the epidemic range is wide. Major animal diseases such as aftosa, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, influenza in birds and other major animal diseases are still prevalent in some regions, and there are immune virus carrying and immune clinical diseases. Some nutritional and metabolic diseases, parasitic diseases, environmental diseases, cold stress and hot climate lead to slow growth of livestock and poultry, low stocking rate, serious impact on the normal development, reproduction and production capacity of animals, reduce the quantity and quality of livestock breeds and animal products, and even lead to a large number of animal deaths. The global animal epidemic situation is becoming more
and more complex, and the risk of transmission of exotic animal diseases such as bovine spongiform encephali tis and infection with African swine fever virus continues to exist. Brucellosis, rabies, hydatidosis and other zoonoses were on the rise, and even outbreaks occurred in some areas; according to reports, 75% of human infectious diseases come from animals or animal derived food. If we do not strengthen the prevention and control of animal diseases, it will seriously endanger public health and safety, and even endanger human health.

   Animal disease science describes the common disease types and prevention and control methods in the production process of various animals. It is the core course of animal medicine and animal science. Through learning, students’ ability to analyze and solve problems can be cultivated independently.

前 言

近年来，随着我国畜牧业形势的快速发展，尤其是中小规模的养殖场和散养户的出现，对动物疾病防治知识了解得很少，从而导致生产中疾病屡见不鲜；而随着畜牧生产的工厂化、集约化、产业化的发展，动物因管理设施、内外环境变化、日粮的配合、饲养方法等因素的影响，加之养殖密度不断增加，科学管理水平跟不上生产规模的快速扩大，都可能导致动物机体代谢失调和营养障碍，直接或间接地给畜牧业发展造成了严重的经济损失，特别是群发性疾病已成为制约规模化养殖场发展的主要因素。
       我国动物疫病种类多、病原复杂，流行范围广。口蹄疫、猪高致病性繁殖与呼吸综合征、高致病性禽流感等重大动物疫病仍在部分区域呈流行态势，存在免疫带毒和免疫临床发病现象。某些营养代谢病、寄生虫病中毒病及环境性疾病，寒冷应激，炎热气候等导致畜禽生长缓慢，出栏率低，严重影响动物正常发育、生殖和生产能力，降低畜种及畜产品数量和质量，甚至导致动物大批死亡。全球动物疫情日趋复杂，牛海绵状脑病、非洲猪瘟等外来动物疫病传人风险持续存在。布鲁菌病、狂犬病、包虫病等人畜共患病呈上升趋势，局部地区甚至出现暴发流行；据资料报道， 75%的人类传染病来源于动物或动物源性食品，如不加强动物疫病的防治，将会严重危害公共卫生安全，甚至危及人类的健康。
       动物疾病学详细阑述了各种动物生产过程中常见的疾病种类以及防控方法，是动物医学专业、动物科学专业的核心课程，通过学习可以培养学生独立分析问题和解决问题的能力。