Environment, resources and energy have become the main factors affecting the development of China’s nonferrous metal industry. Environmental protection is the core of sustainable development and the lifeline of nonferrous smelting enterprises. To improve the ability of independent innovation, we must break through the key technologies and core technologies that restrict the development of nonferrous metals industry. The key point is to break through the common technologies of resources, energy and environment, and solve the bottleneck problems affecting the development of the industry.
     Resources and environmental protection is one of the core issues of today’s society, “green, environmental protection” is the most concerned topic of the whole society and the world. Nonferrous metal metallurgy industry is the pillar industry of national economy. With the expansion of scale, people tend to pay attention to the output and ignore the environmental protection. A large number of metal containing waste liquid and waste residue can not be effectively recycled, resulting in frequent environmental pollution incidents. The direct discharge of a large number of metal pollutants will not only pose a serious threat to human health and ecological environment, but also cause the loss of valuable metals. Therefore, it is very important for the nonferrous metallurgy industry to pay attention to environmental protection and resource comprehensive recovery and utilization while producing. 

前 言

环境、资源和能源成为影响中国有色金属工业发展的主要因素。环境保护是可持续发展的核心，是有色冶炼企业的生命线。提高自主创新能力，必须突破制约有色金属工业发展的关键技术和核心技术，重点是突破资源、能源、环境共性技术，解决影响产业发展的瓶颈问题。
       资源与环保是当今社会的核心问题之一，“绿色、环保”是目前全社会、全世界最关心的话题。有色金属冶金工业是国民经济支柱产业，随着规模的扩大，人们往往注重产量而忽视了环保，大量的含金属废液、废渣无法有效地彻底回收处理，致使环境污染事件频繁发生。大量的金属污染物直接排放，不仅会对人体健康和生态环境造成严重威胁，而且还会造成有价金属的流失，因此，有色冶金行业在生产的同时注重环保和资源综合回收利用问题十分重要。

In the new era, advanced science and technology influence the whole world, changing people’s life, work and way of thinking, and have a great impact on archives management. It is a new challenge for archives management departments. Research on the changes of archives management mode in the new era helps to protect all kinds of archival cultural resources, optimize archives management processes, find out archival value-added information, strengthen the functional construction of archives management institutions, then make it possible to promote the development of archives management . In order to scientifically deal with the changes in archives management mode in the new era and seek an effective way of archives management, it is necessary to broaden the collection categories, improve the main body of archives resources construction, change the way of archives resources collection and scientifically integrate archives resources to strengthen the collection and establish an archives data resource system covering the whole people. The big data era has had a great influence on archives management. 

As a result of the appearing of data resources, the whole society and industries will face the difficult situation where we have to efficiently manage plenty of complex data . People are more and more aware of the necessity, importance and urgency of effective management of a large number of data they generated and owned, so is the archival science. As we enter the digital information age, archives management has been gradually liberated from the traditional ideology and keeps progressing and improving, with great changes taken place in policy formulation, method improvement, technology upgrading, equipment configuration, personnel structure and so on. What’s more, the amount and types of archival information generated by society and the Internet every day is completely incomparable to that of the past. Therefore, it is necessary for the archives management community to deeply explore how the archives management has changed in the new era, to change the traditional mode of thinking and management, and to promote the archives management to a higher level.

前 言

新时代背景下，先进科学技术冲击着整个世界，改变着人们的生活、工作和思维方式，对档案管理工作也产生了很大的冲击和影响，是对档案部门的档案管理能力和水平的全新考验。新时代下档案管理模式变化的研究，有利于保护各类档案文化资源，优化档案业务流程，挖掘档案增值信息，加强档案管理机构的职能建设，达到促进档案事业发展的目的。为科学应对新时代档案管理模式的变化，寻求档案管理的有效路径，需要从拓宽档案资源的收集类别、完善档案资源的建设主体、改变档案资源采集方式和科学整合档案资源来加强档案资源聚集，建立覆盖人民群众的档案数据资源体系。大数据时代的到来对档案管理工作产生了巨大的冲击和影响。
       面对数据资源来袭，整个社会、各行各业都将面临对巨量而复杂的数据进行高效管理的困难局面，人们越来越认识到对自身产生和拥有的大量数据进行有效管理的必要性、重要性和迫切性，档案学领域也不例外。在信息数字化时代，档案管理已逐渐从传统的思想观念中解放出来，在政策制定、方法改进、技术提升、设备配置、人员结构等方面发生巨大改变，并在不断进步和完善。而新时代的到来，社会和网络每天产生的档案信息的数量和种类与过去完全不可比拟。因此，档案界很有必要深入探讨一下新时代背景下的档案管理工作发生了怎样的改变，改变传统的思维方式和管理模式，促使档案管理水平更上一层楼。

In recent years, with classroom teaching reform of basic education step into the “deep water area”, teachers’ professional development has become the most important driving force of the reform. Making teachers pay attention to lesson examples and classroom learning based on textbooks, has become an important direction for research and practice. Many front-line teachers and teaching researchers continue to carry out various forms of pedagogical practice and research, based on practical issues of classroom teaching with the goal of improving classroom teaching ability of teacher and learning effectiveness of students.
  With the continuous expansion of globalization and informatization and the renewal of educational ideas, traditional concept of teachers’ professional development is more and more unsuitable for the current situation. In recent years, paying attention to teachers’ practical knowledge, real classroom teaching issues, carrying out practical research and building a teachers’ community of research have become the main direction of teachers’ professional development.

  What’s more, the development of traditional classroom teaching ability based on personal teaching experience and “Fighting Alone” Model is becoming more and more unsuitable for the rapid development of global informationization. The professional development based on teaching and learning community has gradually become the mainstream of front-line teachers and could promote classroom efficiency.

前 言

近年来，随着基础教育课堂教学改革不断向“深水区”拓展，教师专业发展成为改革最重要的推动力量。而基于校本，引导教师关注课例、关注课堂学习成为重要的研究与实践方向，很多一线教师和教学研究人员从课堂教学实际问题出发，以问题为导向，以提高教师课堂教学能力和学生学习成效为目标，不断开展形式多样的教学教研活动。
      随着全球化和信息化的不断拓展，教育理念的更新，传统的教师发展观越来越不适应教师职业发展的现状。近年来，关注教师实践性知识、真实课堂教学问题、开展行动研究、构建教师研究共同体等成为教师专业发展的主要方向。
       同时，传统教师单纯基于个人教学经验，“单打独斗”式的课堂教学能力发展越来越不适应当前全球网络信息化飞速发展的时代大环境，而以教师教学与学习共同体构建的专业发展模式逐渐成为一线教师专业成长，促进高效课堂的主流。

Fire is the most common disaster that seriously endangers human life and property and directly affects social development and stability. In recent years, the number of high-rise buildings keeps increasing with social and economic development. Fires happening in High-rise and super high-rise buildings are very common over the world. Although these buildings are generally equipped with better fire-fighting facilities, people are still caught by surprise when a fire breaks out. The severity of fires always remind people to increase the intensity of fire-fighting work, so as tonip in the bud. This calls for higher requirements for the design, construction, monitoring, operation and maintenance personnel engaged in fire protection engineering, as well as higher requirements for knowledge accumulation, skill requirements and learning ability of the employees.

 Fire safety is closely related to economic development and involves all kinds of industries and families, social stability and people’s life and work. Only by popularizing the safety laws and regulations and scientific and technological knowledge to the whole society, enhancing the safety awareness and prevention ability of the whole people, we can effectively prevent and reduce the harm caused by fire. Therefore, in order to do a good job in the fire safety of government offices, organizations, enterprises and institutions, the legal representatives of these units, fire safety management personnel and operators of key types of fire control have to master the necessary knowledge of fire safety management, as well as basic technical knowledge of fire protection and fire fighting, such as fire burning and fire fighting facilities.

前 言

火灾是严重危害人类生命财产、直接影响到社会发展及稳定的一种最为常见的灾害，近年来，随着社会和经济建设的发展，高层建筑不断增多，高层和超高层建筑火灾在世界各地屡见不鲜，尽管这些建筑一般都配备了较先进的消防设施，可一旦起火，人们往往还是措手不及，火灾的严重性，时刻提醒人们要加大消防工作的力度，做到防患于未然。这就对从事消防工程的设计、施工、监测、运行维护人员的要求大大增加，对从业人员的知识积累、技能要求、学习能力提出了更高的要求。
      安全工作涉及各行各业、千家万户，与经济发展、社会稳定和人民群众安居乐业密切相关。只有全社会普及安全法规和科技知识，提高全民安全意识，增强全民防范能力，才能有效地预防和减少火灾的危害。所以，要把机关、团体、企业、事业单位的消防安全工作做好，单位的法定代表人、消防安全管理人员以及消防重点工种操作人员等，除应掌握必要的消防安全管理知识外，还必须学习和掌握火灾燃烧和消防设施等基本防火、灭火技术知识。

With the continuous improvement of people’s quality of life and economic level, more and more people pay more attention to the safety of the living environment, so a lot of safety product manufacturing industry has been derived. Fire protection products are the most typical safety products, which can be used in almost all buildings. Fire protection products are related to the normal operation of fire protection work and the safety of people’s lives and property. Therefore, the supervision and management of fire products is very important.
    Fire products are public safety products under the compulsory management of the state. The quality of fire products is closely related to national economic construction and people’s life and property safety. Therefore, it is a long-term work to strengthen the supervision and management of fire-fighting products, crack down on fake and inferior fire-fighting products, and maintain the market order of fire-fighting products. In order to further strengthen the supervision and management of fire-fighting products, promote the standardized development of fire-fighting product supervision, do a good job in the investigation of hidden dangers of fire-fighting products, ensure the development of local fire-fighting product supervision, promote the standardization and specialization of fire-fighting product supervision, and strive to build a new pattern of fire-fighting product supervision, this book discusses the problems of strengthening the supervision and management of fire products, and provides reference value for strengthening the supervision and management of fire products.

前 言

随着人们生活质量及经济水平的不断提升，越来越多的人更注重居住环境的安全， 所以衍生出了很多安全产品制造业， 消防产品就是最为典型的一种安全性产品，基本所有的建筑物都会使用到。消防产品关乎着消防工作的正常进行，关乎着人们生命财产安全，因此对于消防产品的监督和管理工作就至关重要。
       消防产品是纳入国家强制性管理的公共安全类产品，消防产品的质量与国家经济建设、人民生命财产安全息息相关。因此，加强消防产品监督管理，打击假冒伪劣消防产品，维护消防产品市场秩序，是提高社会公共安全保障水平的一项长期工作。为进一步加强对消防产品的监督管理，推动消防产品监督工作规范化发展，做好消防产品隐患调查工作，并确保当地消防产品监督工作的开展，推进消防产品监督工作规范化、专业化，努力构建消防产品监督工作新格局，本书对加强消防产品监督管理工作的问题进行探讨，为消防开展加强消防产品监督管理工作提供参考价值。