With the continuous development of economy, the continuous enhancement of comprehensive strength and the continuous improvement of road traffic system, the demand for road and bridge traffic in China is also increasing. In recent years, the construction of municipal roads in China has achieved great development, and municipal road construction enterprises have gradually become the focus of the country. However, there are still many problems in the construction of road projects, of which the most concerned are the technical problems of road construction projects and the problems of solving measures. The technology and solution of municipal road construction project is a long-term and complex process. Each link is closely related to the technology and solution. Each stage and link of municipal road construction project should provide a solid guarantee for the country. In addition, with the increasing market competition of municipal road construction projects, it is very important for road construction enterprises to enhance market competitiveness and strengthen construction technology. On the premise of meeting the requirements of municipal road construction quality, the road construction project should avoid unnecessary accidents as much as possible, so that the country can get better and higher economic profits, and promote the construction enterprises to get better development and long-term benefits.
    This paper is mainly divided into two parts, road construction and municipal construction technology. In road construction, it mainly starts from the basic concept of urban ring road network project, and takes Beijing Shenyang Expressway and Beijing Tianjin Tanggu expressway as examples to introduce the current situation, engineering design and construction technology in road construction in detail. The second part mainly introduces the concept of municipal engineering and road construction, water supply and drainage engineering, electric power and telecommunication engineering, municipal pipeline comprehensive technology, comprehensive system construction.

前 言

随着经济的不断发展，综合实力的不断增强和道路交通系统的不断完善，我国对路桥交通的需求也越来越高。近年来，我国的市政道路建设获得了很大的发展，市政道路施工企业也逐渐成了国家的重点，但是，道路项目施工中仍然存在着许多问题，其中最受关注的就是道路施工项目的技术问题和解决措施的问题，市政道路施工项目的技术和解决措施是一个长期而复杂的过程，每个环节都与技术和解决措施紧密联系，市政道路施工项目的每一个阶段、每一个环节都应为国家提供坚实的保障。加之市政道路施工项目市场竞争的不断加剧，道路施工企业要增强市场竞争力，加强施工技术对其非常重要，在满足市政道路施工质量要求的前提下，道路施工项目应尽可能避免不必要的事故发生， 从而使国家更好的、 更高的获得经济利润，促进建筑施工企业获得更好的发展和长远的效益。
       本文主要是分为两个部分，道路施工建设以及市政施工技术，在道路施工建设中主要是从市区环射状干道网工程的基本概念入手，以京沈高速公路以及京津塘高速公路为例，详细介绍在道路施工中的现状、工程设计、施工技术。第二部分主要介绍关于市政工程与道路施工的概念、给排水工程、电力电信工程、市政管线综合技术、综合体系的建设。

Landscape architecture is a living green infrastructure, a space carrier and an important physical element for the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China. Environmental protection, ecological city and construction of living environment will be a long-term strategic task in the rapid development of urbanization in our country. The landscape industry is facing huge development space and opportunities.
     Plants can create a beautiful and comfortable living environment for human beings, and more importantly, they can create an ecological environment suitable for human beings. In the context of current urbanization, industrialization and climate change, the ecological environment on which humans depend is getting worse, the urban heat island effect is becoming more and more obvious, and people are getting further and further away from nature. Protecting the environment, beautifying the environment, and ecological restoration have become the trend of the times. Protecting plants and biodiversity, and insisting on sustainable development can ultimately save humanity. The application and management of landscape plants mainly involve the classification of landscape plants, configuration of landscaping, planning and design, planting and diversity protection, water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning of garden plants, pest control and other post-maintenance. It is an important aspect of maintaining and improving the quality of landscape gardens and urban green spaces. In the process of compiling this book, we referred to books, periodicals and websites of landscape architecture, horticulture and cultivation, ecological environment and other aspects at home and abroad, and hereby give thanks to the authors above as well.
     We put a lot of effort into compiling this book, but due to the wide range of landscape plants and the limits of editor's experience, it is inevitable that there are mistakes or omissions in the book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

风景园林是有生命的绿色基础设施，是生态文明与美丽中国建设的空间载体和重要的实体要素。在我国城市化快速发展进程中，环境保护、生态城市和人居环境建设将是一项长期的战略任务，风景园林行业面临巨大的发展空间和机遇。
       植物除了能创造人类优美舒适的生活环境，更重要的是能创造适合于人类的生态环境。在当前城市化、工业化与气候变化的背景下，人类所赖以生存的生态环境日趋恶化，城市热岛效应愈来愈明显，人们离自然越来越远。保护环境、美化环境、生态修复成为时代潮流，保护植物与生物多样性、坚持可持续发展，最终才能拯救人类自己。园林植物应用与管理主要涉及园林植物特性分类、配置造景、规划设计、种植及多样性保护，园林植物的水肥管理、整形与修剪、病虫害防治等后期养护，是维持和提升风景园林及城市绿色空间质量的重要方面。本书在编写过程中，参考了国内外风景园林、园艺栽培、生态环境等方面的书籍、期刊和网站资料，在此对著作者一并致谢。
       由于园林植物涉及面广，以及编者的经验和水平所限，尽管在编著过程中做了很大努力，书中难免有错漏或不妥之处，恳请广大读者不吝指正。

China’s rapid economic development, followed by the pursuit of improving the standard of basic living, including transportation. The development of economy is bound to improve the requirements of transportation. The technical core of BIM is rich in engineering information. At each stage, the owner (construction party), design, construction, operation and other relevant participants can exchange information and work together based on BIM model, effectively improving work efficiency, saving resource investment and reducing cost loss, so as to achieve the overall goal of sustainable development of construction industry. Compared with general public buildings, urban rail transit projects have higher social attention and greater social responsibility for the construction and operation parties, so it is more necessary to pay attention to the improvement of construction and operation level. Especially with the rapid development of domestic urban rail transit construction in recent years, a certain number of new lines are put into operation every year, no matter in design, construction, construction and operation management, there is a shortage of access resources, especially for experienced managers. How to improve “efficiency” under the premise of ensuring the construction period, quality and safety is a major problem to be solved urgently. In contrast, urban rail transit engineering has many engineering characteristics or difficulties, such as large scale, many specialties, small space, long construction period, tight equipment installation and commissioning time, high requirements for operation and management level. In this context, the application of BIM Technology can more reflect its great application value.

前 言

我国经济快速发展，随之而来的是对基本生活的水平追求提高。其中就包括交通方面，经济的发展势必会对交通的要求提高， BIM 的技术核心具有丰富的工程信息，在每个阶段，业主(建设方)、设计、施工、运营等相关参与各方人员均可基于BIM 模型进行信息交换和协同工作，有效提高工作效率、节省资源投入、降低成本损耗，进而实现建设行业可持续发展的总体目标。与一般公共建筑相比，城市轨道交通工程的社会关注度更高，建设及运营方所需担负的社会责任更大，因此更需关注建设及运营水平的提升。特别是随着近年来国内城市轨道交通建设的高速发展，每年都有一定数量的新建线路投入运营，不论是设计、施工，还是建设.运营管理都已呈现出人力资源紧张的局面，特别是对于富有经验的管理人员缺口更大。如何在确保工期、质量、安全的前提下，提升“效率”是各方亟待解决的重大问题。与之相对，城市轨道交通工程具有规模大、专业多、空间小、建设周期长、设备安装调试时间紧、运营管理水平要求高等诸多工程特点或称为难点，在此背景下， BIM 技术的应用就更能够体现出其巨大的应用价值。

Planting industry is an important foundation of agriculture, grain, cotton and oil are important commodities related to national economy and people’s livelihood. With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, the rigid growth of consumption demand for grain and other major agricultural products, the increasing constraints of climate, arable land and water resources, and the increasing impact of changes in rural labor structure, the booming urban agriculture also puts forward new requirements for traditional agriculture. How to promote the sustainable and stable development of planting industry and realize the goal of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety” has become an important issue for agricultural workers to consider.
     Crop production is the core and foundation of agricultural production system. Crop products provide the most basic and necessary living materials for human survival, as well as feed for the development of animal husbandry and processing raw materials for industry. Understanding crop and its production process, and studying the theory and technology system of high yield, high quality, high efficiency, low consumption and environmental protection of crop are very important to improve the quantity and quality of crop products, increase the planting efficiency, protect the environment and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. Efficient crop production is of great significance to ensure food security and promote the development of national economy. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the subject of Agronomy from a macro perspective, aiming to give readers a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the origin of agriculture, the stage of agricultural development, agronomy and agricultural production technology, as well as some basic knowledge and theories related to crop planting. The author hopes that readers can get reference opinions through reading this book and contribute part of their strength to the development of agricultural construction of the motherland.

前 言

种植业是农业的重要基础，粮棉油是关系国计民生的重要商品。随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，粮食等主要农产品消费需求刚性增长，气候、耕地和水资源约束日益增强，农村劳动力结构变化冲击增强，方兴未艾的都市农业也对传统农业提出了新的要求。如何促进种植业持续稳定发展，实现“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”目标成为农业工作者必须考虑的重要问题。
        作物生产是农业生产系统的核心和基础。作物产品为人类生存提供最基本、最必需的生活资料，同时还为畜牧业的发展提供饲料、为工业提供加工原料。了解作物及作物生产过程，研究作物高产、优质、高效、低耗、环保的理论与技术体系，对提高作物产品的数量和质量，提高种植效益，保护环境和实现农业持续发展至关重要。高效作物生产对保障我国粮食安全、推动国民经济发展具有重要意义。本书从宏观的角度全面系统地介绍了有关农学学科方面，旨在让读者从总体概貌上对农业的起源、农业发展阶段、农学及农业生产技术等有一个较为全面系统的认识和了解，并掌握一定的与作物种植方面相关的基本知识和基本理论。希望读者可以通过阅读本书获得参考性意见，为祖国的农业建设发展贡献自己的一部分力量。

With the continuous expansion of the city, the construction technology of urban road and bridge engineering involved in urban planning becomes more and more important. However, at present, there are many problems in the construction technology of urban road and bridge engineering, which need comprehensive technical innovation. The focus of this paper is to discuss the feasibility of improvement from the urban road and bridge engineering, so as to improve the construction of urban road and bridge engineering. At present, the construction quality and safety of bridge engineering are concerned by the whole society, which not only affects the success or failure of engineering construction and the benefit of the project, but also has an important impact on the safety of people's life and property and social stability. The research results on bridge construction quality and safety are very rich. The existing research on bridge construction quality management focuses on the aspects of bridge construction technology, quality control of construction party, quality management system, methods and measures, while the research on the construction of quality management system involving all parties from the perspective of systematization is few; the research on bridge construction safety focuses on safety management technology, methods, safety management mechanism, and so on, while the systematic and comprehensive research on safety management is less.
     This book mainly explains the relevant contents of urban bridge and road construction. Through the construction of bridge safety construction management system, we can understand the importance and necessity of construction safety. The safety of bridge construction is very important for the project itself and social development. Scientific and reasonable strengthening of project safety management and control is the top priority.
      Due to the limited level of writing, we sincerely invite colleagues, experts and scholars to criticize and correct the book, which may have omissions or even mistakes.

前 言

随着城市不断地扩张，城市规划涉及的城市道路和桥梁工程施工技术就越发显得重要，不过目前城市道路和桥梁工程施工技术存在着诸多问题，需要进行全面的技术革新，本文的重点就是从城市道路与桥梁工程问题着手来探讨改善的可行性，由此来提升城市道路与桥梁工程的施工。目前，桥梁工程施工质量、安全问题受到全社会的普遍关注，其优劣不仅关系工程建设的成败与项目效益的好坏，且对人民生命财产安全及社会稳定产生重要影响。关于桥梁施工质量安全的研究成果很丰富，现有的关于桥梁施工质量管理的研究侧重于桥梁施工技术、施工方质量控制、质量管理体制、方法和措施等方面，而从系统化视角构建各方参与的质量管理体系的研究不多；桥梁工程施工安全方面的研究则多侧重于安全管理技术、方法、安全管理机制等方面，系统、全面地研究安全管理的较少。
      本文主要讲解了城市桥梁道路建设的相关内容，通过对桥梁的安全施工管理体系的建设，我们可以了解到施工安全的重要性和必要性，桥梁工程施工的安全性对于工程本身和社会发展都至关重要，科学合理地加强工程安全管控是重中之重。