China’s rapid economic development, followed by the pursuit of improving the standard of basic living, including transportation. The development of economy is bound to improve the requirements of transportation. The technical core of BIM is rich in engineering information. At each stage, the owner (construction party), design, construction, operation and other relevant participants can exchange information and work together based on BIM model, effectively improving work efficiency, saving resource investment and reducing cost loss, so as to achieve the overall goal of sustainable development of construction industry. Compared with general public buildings, urban rail transit projects have higher social attention and greater social responsibility for the construction and operation parties, so it is more necessary to pay attention to the improvement of construction and operation level. Especially with the rapid development of domestic urban rail transit construction in recent years, a certain number of new lines are put into operation every year, no matter in design, construction, construction and operation management, there is a shortage of access resources, especially for experienced managers. How to improve “efficiency” under the premise of ensuring the construction period, quality and safety is a major problem to be solved urgently. In contrast, urban rail transit engineering has many engineering characteristics or difficulties, such as large scale, many specialties, small space, long construction period, tight equipment installation and commissioning time, high requirements for operation and management level. In this context, the application of BIM Technology can more reflect its great application value.

前 言

我国经济快速发展，随之而来的是对基本生活的水平追求提高。其中就包括交通方面，经济的发展势必会对交通的要求提高， BIM 的技术核心具有丰富的工程信息，在每个阶段，业主(建设方)、设计、施工、运营等相关参与各方人员均可基于BIM 模型进行信息交换和协同工作，有效提高工作效率、节省资源投入、降低成本损耗，进而实现建设行业可持续发展的总体目标。与一般公共建筑相比，城市轨道交通工程的社会关注度更高，建设及运营方所需担负的社会责任更大，因此更需关注建设及运营水平的提升。特别是随着近年来国内城市轨道交通建设的高速发展，每年都有一定数量的新建线路投入运营，不论是设计、施工，还是建设.运营管理都已呈现出人力资源紧张的局面，特别是对于富有经验的管理人员缺口更大。如何在确保工期、质量、安全的前提下，提升“效率”是各方亟待解决的重大问题。与之相对，城市轨道交通工程具有规模大、专业多、空间小、建设周期长、设备安装调试时间紧、运营管理水平要求高等诸多工程特点或称为难点，在此背景下， BIM 技术的应用就更能够体现出其巨大的应用价值。

Planting industry is an important foundation of agriculture, grain, cotton and oil are important commodities related to national economy and people’s livelihood. With the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, the rigid growth of consumption demand for grain and other major agricultural products, the increasing constraints of climate, arable land and water resources, and the increasing impact of changes in rural labor structure, the booming urban agriculture also puts forward new requirements for traditional agriculture. How to promote the sustainable and stable development of planting industry and realize the goal of “high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety” has become an important issue for agricultural workers to consider.
     Crop production is the core and foundation of agricultural production system. Crop products provide the most basic and necessary living materials for human survival, as well as feed for the development of animal husbandry and processing raw materials for industry. Understanding crop and its production process, and studying the theory and technology system of high yield, high quality, high efficiency, low consumption and environmental protection of crop are very important to improve the quantity and quality of crop products, increase the planting efficiency, protect the environment and realize the sustainable development of agriculture. Efficient crop production is of great significance to ensure food security and promote the development of national economy. This book comprehensively and systematically introduces the subject of Agronomy from a macro perspective, aiming to give readers a comprehensive and systematic understanding of the origin of agriculture, the stage of agricultural development, agronomy and agricultural production technology, as well as some basic knowledge and theories related to crop planting. The author hopes that readers can get reference opinions through reading this book and contribute part of their strength to the development of agricultural construction of the motherland.

前 言

种植业是农业的重要基础，粮棉油是关系国计民生的重要商品。随着工业化、城镇化和农业现代化快速推进，粮食等主要农产品消费需求刚性增长，气候、耕地和水资源约束日益增强，农村劳动力结构变化冲击增强，方兴未艾的都市农业也对传统农业提出了新的要求。如何促进种植业持续稳定发展，实现“高产、优质、高效、生态、安全”目标成为农业工作者必须考虑的重要问题。
        作物生产是农业生产系统的核心和基础。作物产品为人类生存提供最基本、最必需的生活资料，同时还为畜牧业的发展提供饲料、为工业提供加工原料。了解作物及作物生产过程，研究作物高产、优质、高效、低耗、环保的理论与技术体系，对提高作物产品的数量和质量，提高种植效益，保护环境和实现农业持续发展至关重要。高效作物生产对保障我国粮食安全、推动国民经济发展具有重要意义。本书从宏观的角度全面系统地介绍了有关农学学科方面，旨在让读者从总体概貌上对农业的起源、农业发展阶段、农学及农业生产技术等有一个较为全面系统的认识和了解，并掌握一定的与作物种植方面相关的基本知识和基本理论。希望读者可以通过阅读本书获得参考性意见，为祖国的农业建设发展贡献自己的一部分力量。

With the continuous expansion of the city, the construction technology of urban road and bridge engineering involved in urban planning becomes more and more important. However, at present, there are many problems in the construction technology of urban road and bridge engineering, which need comprehensive technical innovation. The focus of this paper is to discuss the feasibility of improvement from the urban road and bridge engineering, so as to improve the construction of urban road and bridge engineering. At present, the construction quality and safety of bridge engineering are concerned by the whole society, which not only affects the success or failure of engineering construction and the benefit of the project, but also has an important impact on the safety of people's life and property and social stability. The research results on bridge construction quality and safety are very rich. The existing research on bridge construction quality management focuses on the aspects of bridge construction technology, quality control of construction party, quality management system, methods and measures, while the research on the construction of quality management system involving all parties from the perspective of systematization is few; the research on bridge construction safety focuses on safety management technology, methods, safety management mechanism, and so on, while the systematic and comprehensive research on safety management is less.
     This book mainly explains the relevant contents of urban bridge and road construction. Through the construction of bridge safety construction management system, we can understand the importance and necessity of construction safety. The safety of bridge construction is very important for the project itself and social development. Scientific and reasonable strengthening of project safety management and control is the top priority.
      Due to the limited level of writing, we sincerely invite colleagues, experts and scholars to criticize and correct the book, which may have omissions or even mistakes.

前 言

随着城市不断地扩张，城市规划涉及的城市道路和桥梁工程施工技术就越发显得重要，不过目前城市道路和桥梁工程施工技术存在着诸多问题，需要进行全面的技术革新，本文的重点就是从城市道路与桥梁工程问题着手来探讨改善的可行性，由此来提升城市道路与桥梁工程的施工。目前，桥梁工程施工质量、安全问题受到全社会的普遍关注，其优劣不仅关系工程建设的成败与项目效益的好坏，且对人民生命财产安全及社会稳定产生重要影响。关于桥梁施工质量安全的研究成果很丰富，现有的关于桥梁施工质量管理的研究侧重于桥梁施工技术、施工方质量控制、质量管理体制、方法和措施等方面，而从系统化视角构建各方参与的质量管理体系的研究不多；桥梁工程施工安全方面的研究则多侧重于安全管理技术、方法、安全管理机制等方面，系统、全面地研究安全管理的较少。
      本文主要讲解了城市桥梁道路建设的相关内容，通过对桥梁的安全施工管理体系的建设，我们可以了解到施工安全的重要性和必要性，桥梁工程施工的安全性对于工程本身和社会发展都至关重要，科学合理地加强工程安全管控是重中之重。

Since the 20th century, with the digital development of computer science and information technology, electronic information technology has been widely used, crossed, infiltrated and integrated in the field of medical science and technology, forming many new medical science and technology concepts, methods, technologies and means. This makes a qualitative leap in the knowledge and practical work of clinical medicine, basic medicine, preventive medicine, medical engineering, hospital management and health management.
     This book first introduces the basic medical theories, such as medical treatment, medical reform, medical accidents, medical insurance and dishonesty punishment, regional medical treatment and informatization, and the development trend and medical informatization of medical industry, and then focuses on the planning of national medical and health service system, market investment and Countermeasures of intelligent medical treatment, spatial layout of medical information resources, safety and concealment of regional medical and health archives and the content of private protection and the construction of family doctor information platform. With the scientific attitude of combining theory with practice and case supporting theory, this book explains the current situation and measures of modern medical information technology and its clinical medicine application, in order to provide a suitable reference book for the medical staff fighting in the front line of disease, and to contribute to the development of medical information industry in China.

前 言

世纪以来，随着计算机科学和信息技术的数字化发展，电子信息技术在医学科技领域中得到广泛的应用、交叉、渗透、融合，形成了许多崭新的医学科技理念、方法、技术和手段，促使临床医学、基础医学、预防医学、医学工程、医院管理和卫生管理等各方面学科知识和实际工作都产生了质的飞跃。
       本书先介绍了医疗、医改、医疗事故、医疗保险与失信惩戒、区域医疗及其信息化等基础医疗理论与医疗行业发展趋势与医疗信息化，再重点论述了全国医疗卫生服务体系规划、智慧医疗的市场投资及对策、健康医疗信息资源空间布局、区域医疗健康档案安全与隐私保护以及家庭医生信息平台建设的内容， 以理论联系实际，案例支撑理论的科学态度，阐释了现代医疗信息技术及其临床医学应用现状及其措施，以期为奋战在疾病一线的广大医务人员提供一本且适合用的工具书，为我国医疗信息化事业的发展添砖加瓦。

Resource-based cities have sprung up due to large-scale resource development, which has made outstanding contributions to the development of industrialization and urbanization in China. Due to the unbalanced distribution of resources, coupled with the rapid speed of urban construction and large land occupation, the land use mode of resource-based cities is generally extensive and inefficient, which is not conducive to the sustainable use of land resources and the long-term development of cities. In recent years, many resource-based cities are facing the problems of resource exhaustion, the decline of traditional pillar industries and the gradual decline of cities. In addition, under the “New Normal”, the national economic growth slows down, and all localities vigorously promote supply side structural reform to promote the transformation of new and old driving forces of the economy. Under such a background, it is more urgent for resource-based cities to break through difficulties and seek new space for urban and industrial development. Facing the dilemma of protecting cultivated land and ensuring development, the sustainable use of land has become a very sensitive and key issue in the transformation and sustainable development of resource-based cities.
       In recent years, although there have been many achievements in the study of real estate financial risk in China, they have been studied and discussed from different perspectives. There are four obvious differences between this book and the similar researches: first, the background of the times is different. At present, China’s economy is in the new normal of economic development and the new situation of adjustment and risk increase in the real estate market. This book adapts to the new background of major changes in the real estate market; second, the research field of vision is different. This book extends the research field to a broad sense of risk including real estate private finance; third, the focus of the study is different. This book puts forward a constructive and systematic target model of China’s real estate financial risk management in the future, as well as a set of targeted countermeasures and suggestions to achieve this target model; the four is the different theoretical viewpoints. The previous research basically follows the traditional theoretical paradigm, and the study of this book breaks through the shackles of traditional theory. For example, the book does not believe that risk and bubble are proportional relations, but rather has a phased feature.

前 言

资源型城市因大规模资源开发而兴起，为我国工业化、城镇化发展做出了突出贡献。由于资源分布的不均衡性，加上城市建设速度快、占地面积大等原因，资源型城市土地利用方式普遍比较粗放、效率不高，不利于土地资源的可持续利用与城市的长远发展。近年来，许多资源型城市面临资源日益枯竭、传统支柱产业开始衰败、城市逐渐衰落等问题。加上“新常态”下，全国经济增速放缓，各地大力推进供给侧结构性改革，促进经济新旧动能的转换。在这样的大背景下，资源型城市力求突破困境，谋求城市、产业发展新空间的紧迫性更加强烈。面对保护耕地与保障发展的“两难”局面，土地可持续利用成为资源型城市转型与可持续发展的一个非常敏感且关键的问题。
       关于对我国房地产金融风险问题的研究，近年来虽然也出现了不少成果，分别从不同角度进行了研究和探讨，本书与同类研究存在四个明显的差异：一是时代背景不同，当前我国经济处于经济发展新常态及房地产市场出现调整、风险增大的新形势下，本书适应了房地产市场重大转向的新背景；二是研究视野不同，本书将研究视野拓展到了包括房地产民间金融在内的广义风险；三是研究的重点不同，本书提出了具有建设性的比较系统的房地产金融风险管理的未来中国目标模式，以及要实现该目标模式，同时又提出了一整套有针对性的对策建议；四是理论观点不同，以往的研究基本上是遵循传统的理论范式， 而本书的研究则突破了传统理论的束缚，如本书认为风险与泡沫并不一定成正比例关系，而是具有阶段性特征等。