The construction industry plays a pivotal role in the development of the national economy and the four modernizations. In terms of investment, the state funds for building installation projects account for about 60% of the total capital construction investment. On the other hand, the development of the construction industry plays an important role in promoting other industries. It consumes a large amount of steel, cement, local building materials, and other products of the national economic sector every year. At the same time, the products of the construction industry serve the people’s lives and other national economic departments and create the necessary conditions for the expansion and reproduction of various sectors of the national economy. The national income provided by the construction industry is also at the forefront of various sectors of the national economy. At present, many countries have listed the construction industry as a pillar industry of the national economy. In China, with the development of the “four modernizations” construction and the in-depth implementation of the reform and opening-up, the pillar role of the construction industry is increasingly being played.
     BIM is a new thing in the construction industry. In the past ten years, through continuous promotion and practice, people have reached a consensus: BIM has led and will continue to lead the information revolution in the construction field. With the gradual deepening of BIM applications, the traditional architecture of the construction industry will be broken. It will be replaced by a new architecture dominated by information technology. The application of BIM has completely broken through the technical scope and will become a powerful driving force for the leading construction industry to make changes. This is an opportunity and a challenge for the entire construction industry.
     From the application practice of BIM in recent years, BIM application is not simply the application of new software. To be successful in BIM application, it needs a set of systems, plans, and methods, and the execution team is matched with it. The construction industry practitioners who apply BIM also need to have relevant knowledge of BIM to apply BIM better, and more maximize the value of BIM applications.

前 言

建筑业在国民经济发展和四个现代化建设中起着举足轻重的作用。从投资来看，国家用于建筑安装工程的资金，约占基本建设投资总额的 60%。另一方面，建筑业的发展对其他行业起着重要的促进作用，它每年要消耗大量的钢材、水泥、地方性建筑材料和其他国民经济部门的产品，同时，建筑业的产品又为人民生活和其他国民经济部门服务，为国民经济各部门的扩大再生产创造必要的条件。建筑业提供的国民收入也居国民经济各部门的前列。目前，不少国家已将建筑业列为国民经济的支柱产业。在我国，随着“四化”建设的发展，改革开放政策的深入贯彻，建筑业的支柱作用也正日益得到发挥。
      BIM 作为建筑业的一个新生事物，在近十年中，通过不断的推广与实践，人们取得了一个共识： BIM 已经并将继续引领建设领域的信息革命。随着 BIM 应用的逐步深入，建筑业的传统架构将被打破，一种以信息技术为主导的新架构将取而代之。 BIM 的应用完全突破了技术范畴，将成为主导建筑业进行变革的强大动力。这对于整个建筑业而言，是机遇，更是挑战。
     从近年来 BIM 的应用实践来看， BIM 应用并不单纯是新软件的应用。 BIM 应用要取得成功，需要有一整套的体系、计划、方法，并且执行团队与之匹配；应用BIM 的建筑业从业人员也需要掌握 BIM 的相关知识才能把 BIM 应用得比较好，并且通过系统集成更大限度实现 BIM 应用的价值。

At present, the development of railway construction in China is rapid. The number of construction projects related to the existing line is increasing year by year. The construction of the existing line has the characteristics of great interference between construction and transportation, great difficulty in construction organization, complex technical scheme, high risk of safety and construction period.
    First, the demand for overall planning of transportation and construction is getting higher and higher. Hub transformation and large-scale station transformation often lead to the whole body, and even need to adjust the transportation organization in a wide range to cooperate with the construction. Therefore, the construction scheme should be closely combined with the transportation organization, considered as a whole, and provided conditions for each other, otherwise it is difficult to implement.
     Second, the construction is more and more difficult and the construction period is tight. First, with the large-scale operation of high-speed railway, strict control is required for settlement and deformation, and the requirements for track accuracy are higher and higher; second, the construction environment is more and more complex, with the gradual improvement of the road network, the effective construction space of the new line into the existing hub is smaller and smaller, and the construction is more and more difficult; the third is that the research period of the early scheme is often long, the coordination work in the later implementation process is many, the procedure is complex, and the construction period is generally tight.
    Third, the construction safety pressure of the existing line is large. The safety of railway operation is an eternal theme, and the pressure of construction safety is great.
    In view of this, the author has compiled the construction of the existing line, hoping to provide help and reference for the builders engaged in the construction of the existing line. This book can be used by management and technical personnel engaged in railway construction, operation safety management, construction, design, supervision and so on. It can also be used by teachers and students in colleges and universities for construction organization design or construction course teaching case analysis.
      Due to the limited level of editors and the short time of writing, there are inevitably defects in the book. Readers are welcome to give advice and correct it.

前 言

目前，我国铁路建设高速发展。涉及既有线施工项目逐年增加，既有线施工具有建设与运输互相干扰大、施工组织难度大、技术方案复杂、安全及工期风险高的特点。

第一，运输和建设的统筹性要求越来越高。枢纽改造、大型站改往往牵一发而动全身,甚至需大范围调整运输组织以配合施工,因此施工方案要和运输组织紧密结合，统筹考虑,互相提供条件,否则难以实施。
      第二，施工难度越来越大，工期偏紧。一是随着高铁大规模的投入运营，对沉降和变形要求严格控制,对线路轨道精度的要求越来越高;二是施工环境越来越复杂， 随着路网逐渐完善,新线引入既有枢纽有效施工空间越来越小,施工难度越来越大;三是涉及既有线施工往往前期方案研究周期长， 后期实施过程中协调工作多,程序复杂,施工周期普遍偏紧。
      第三，既有线施工安全压力大。铁路运营安全是永恒的主题,施工安全压力大。

鉴于此，编者对既有线施工进行了编写,希望对从事既有线施工的建设者提供帮助和借鉴。本书可供从事铁路建设、运营安全管理和施工、设计、监理等相关管理和技术人员使用;也可供高等院校师生施工组织设计或建设课程教学案例分析使用。
     由于编者水平有限，加之编写时间仓促，书中难免存在瑕疵，敬请广大读者不吝赐教，以利改正!

This paper mainly introduces the theory and technology of mine filling. Through the introduction of mine filling materials and their properties, pipeline transportation fluid mechanics, and coal mine filling mining technology, we can understand the specific links and operation contents of mine filling and the core of various filling mining methods. To ensure the filling quality and reduce the filling cost is the eternal power for the development of filling technology. This paper introduces all kinds of transportation equipment and pipeline transportation methods from the direction of paste filling system and pipeline transportation, evaluates the mining technology, and simply introduces the application of its related technology.
       From low concentration grading tailings filling to high concentration grading tailings filling to full tailings paste filling, all are the progress of mineral filling technology. Only by continuous innovation of mining technology, can the safety and stability of mining be promoted, the ecological environment be further protected, and the reform of mining production mode be promoted. Green mining, green mining, ecological mining and other concepts must be implemented. A series of technologies and methods to reduce mining damage are explored, among which the filling mining technology has the advantages of high mining safety, high recovery rate and environmental friendliness. This technology is an important measure for the coal industry to implement the scientific concept of development and realize green mining. It has an important practical significance and far-reaching impact on the protection of the ecological environment of mining areas in China.

前 言

本文主要对矿山充填理论和技术进行一定的介绍，通过对矿山充填材料和其性质、管道输送流体力学、煤矿填充开采技术的介绍，我们可以了解矿山充填的具体环节和操作内容。矿山开采中的各种充填技术充填采矿法的核心。保证充填质量，降低充填成本，是充填技术发展的永恒动力。文章从膏体充填系统和管道运输的方向介绍了各种运输设备和管道运输方式，并且对开采技术进行了评价，对其相关技术的应用做了简单的介绍。
     从低浓度分级尾砂充填到高浓度分级尾砂充填到全尾砂膏体充填，都是矿产充填技术的进步，矿山技术只有不断地创新，才能促进矿业安全稳定的进行，才能进一步保护生态环境，推进矿业生产方式的改革。绿色开采、绿色矿业、生态矿山等理念必须要贯彻执行，探索出了一系列减轻采动破坏的技术与方法，其中充填开采技术具有采动安全性高、采出率高、环境友好等优点，该技术是煤炭工业贯彻落实科学发展观、实现绿色采矿的重要举措，对保护我国矿区生态环境具有重要的现实意义及深远影响。

With the continuous development of economy, the continuous enhancement of comprehensive strength and the continuous improvement of road traffic system, the demand for road and bridge traffic in China is also increasing. In recent years, the construction of municipal roads in China has achieved great development, and municipal road construction enterprises have gradually become the focus of the country. However, there are still many problems in the construction of road projects, of which the most concerned are the technical problems of road construction projects and the problems of solving measures. The technology and solution of municipal road construction project is a long-term and complex process. Each link is closely related to the technology and solution. Each stage and link of municipal road construction project should provide a solid guarantee for the country. In addition, with the increasing market competition of municipal road construction projects, it is very important for road construction enterprises to enhance market competitiveness and strengthen construction technology. On the premise of meeting the requirements of municipal road construction quality, the road construction project should avoid unnecessary accidents as much as possible, so that the country can get better and higher economic profits, and promote the construction enterprises to get better development and long-term benefits.
    This paper is mainly divided into two parts, road construction and municipal construction technology. In road construction, it mainly starts from the basic concept of urban ring road network project, and takes Beijing Shenyang Expressway and Beijing Tianjin Tanggu expressway as examples to introduce the current situation, engineering design and construction technology in road construction in detail. The second part mainly introduces the concept of municipal engineering and road construction, water supply and drainage engineering, electric power and telecommunication engineering, municipal pipeline comprehensive technology, comprehensive system construction.

前 言

随着经济的不断发展，综合实力的不断增强和道路交通系统的不断完善，我国对路桥交通的需求也越来越高。近年来，我国的市政道路建设获得了很大的发展，市政道路施工企业也逐渐成了国家的重点，但是，道路项目施工中仍然存在着许多问题，其中最受关注的就是道路施工项目的技术问题和解决措施的问题，市政道路施工项目的技术和解决措施是一个长期而复杂的过程，每个环节都与技术和解决措施紧密联系，市政道路施工项目的每一个阶段、每一个环节都应为国家提供坚实的保障。加之市政道路施工项目市场竞争的不断加剧，道路施工企业要增强市场竞争力，加强施工技术对其非常重要，在满足市政道路施工质量要求的前提下，道路施工项目应尽可能避免不必要的事故发生， 从而使国家更好的、 更高的获得经济利润，促进建筑施工企业获得更好的发展和长远的效益。
       本文主要是分为两个部分，道路施工建设以及市政施工技术，在道路施工建设中主要是从市区环射状干道网工程的基本概念入手，以京沈高速公路以及京津塘高速公路为例，详细介绍在道路施工中的现状、工程设计、施工技术。第二部分主要介绍关于市政工程与道路施工的概念、给排水工程、电力电信工程、市政管线综合技术、综合体系的建设。

Landscape architecture is a living green infrastructure, a space carrier and an important physical element for the construction of ecological civilization and beautiful China. Environmental protection, ecological city and construction of living environment will be a long-term strategic task in the rapid development of urbanization in our country. The landscape industry is facing huge development space and opportunities.
     Plants can create a beautiful and comfortable living environment for human beings, and more importantly, they can create an ecological environment suitable for human beings. In the context of current urbanization, industrialization and climate change, the ecological environment on which humans depend is getting worse, the urban heat island effect is becoming more and more obvious, and people are getting further and further away from nature. Protecting the environment, beautifying the environment, and ecological restoration have become the trend of the times. Protecting plants and biodiversity, and insisting on sustainable development can ultimately save humanity. The application and management of landscape plants mainly involve the classification of landscape plants, configuration of landscaping, planning and design, planting and diversity protection, water and fertilizer management, shaping and pruning of garden plants, pest control and other post-maintenance. It is an important aspect of maintaining and improving the quality of landscape gardens and urban green spaces. In the process of compiling this book, we referred to books, periodicals and websites of landscape architecture, horticulture and cultivation, ecological environment and other aspects at home and abroad, and hereby give thanks to the authors above as well.
     We put a lot of effort into compiling this book, but due to the wide range of landscape plants and the limits of editor's experience, it is inevitable that there are mistakes or omissions in the book. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

风景园林是有生命的绿色基础设施，是生态文明与美丽中国建设的空间载体和重要的实体要素。在我国城市化快速发展进程中，环境保护、生态城市和人居环境建设将是一项长期的战略任务，风景园林行业面临巨大的发展空间和机遇。
       植物除了能创造人类优美舒适的生活环境，更重要的是能创造适合于人类的生态环境。在当前城市化、工业化与气候变化的背景下，人类所赖以生存的生态环境日趋恶化，城市热岛效应愈来愈明显，人们离自然越来越远。保护环境、美化环境、生态修复成为时代潮流，保护植物与生物多样性、坚持可持续发展，最终才能拯救人类自己。园林植物应用与管理主要涉及园林植物特性分类、配置造景、规划设计、种植及多样性保护，园林植物的水肥管理、整形与修剪、病虫害防治等后期养护，是维持和提升风景园林及城市绿色空间质量的重要方面。本书在编写过程中，参考了国内外风景园林、园艺栽培、生态环境等方面的书籍、期刊和网站资料，在此对著作者一并致谢。
       由于园林植物涉及面广，以及编者的经验和水平所限，尽管在编著过程中做了很大努力，书中难免有错漏或不妥之处，恳请广大读者不吝指正。