After the 20th century, the production of electricity mainly depends on thermal power plants, hydropower stations and nuclear power plants. Tidal, geothermal and wind power are also used to generate electricity where conditions permit. The transmission and distribution of electrical energy is mainly achieved through high and low voltage AC power networks. As the development direction of transmission engineering technology, its emphasis is on researching UHV (over 1 million volts) AC transmission and DC transmission technology to form a larger power network; meanwhile, it is also necessary to study the technical problems of superconductor power transmission. The large-scale power system emerged in the 20th century integrated power generation, transmission, substation, distribution and electricity consumption into an organic whole. It has become a physical engineering system with the widest span of space, strict coordination of time and extremely complicated division of labor.

Since the 1880s, electric power has gradually replaced the steam engine, the technological symbol of the industrial revolution in the 18th century, and become the technological basis of the material and spiritual civilization of modern society. In the past 30 years, HVDC transmission technology has made rapid progress and has been widely used in some transmission fields.

This book is divided into eight chapters to analyze and elaborate the power engineering technology in detail, and the content is comprehensive. We hope this book will be helpful to the related work.

前 言

20世纪以后，电能的生产主要靠火电厂、水电站和核电站。有条件的地方还利用潮汐、地热和风能来发电。电能的输送和分配主要通过高、低压交流电力网络来实现。作为输电工程技术发展的方向，其重点是研究特高压（100万伏以上）交流输电与直流输电技术，形成更大的电力网络；同时还要研究超导体电能输送的技术问题。20世纪出现的大型电力系统将发电、输电、变电、配电、用电诸环节综合为一个有机整体，成为社会物质生产部门中空间跨度最广、时间协调严格、层次分工极复杂的实体工程系统。

从19世纪80年代以来，电力已逐步取代了作为18世纪产业革命技术标志的蒸汽机，成为现代社会人类物质文明与精神文明的技术基础。近30年来，高压直流输电技术进步很快，并在一些输电领域内得到了愈来愈广泛的应用。

本书分八章内容对电力工程技术进行详细的分析与阐述，内容全面，希望能够有助于相关工作的开展与进行。

In recent years, the combined use of Chinese and Western medicine is very common in clinical practice, especially in basic-level hospitals, where the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment model has become routine. A large number of studies have shown that the combined application of Chinese and Western medicine has both advantages and disadvantages. The problem is how to use a large number of clinical practice or experimental research to confirm the scientific, practical and therapeutic significance of combined application of Chinese and Western medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine belong to different medical systems, but their clinical application is to achieve the purpose of treatment. If the combination of Chinese and western medicine can be applied scientifically and reasonably, it can improve the treatment effect, reduce the number of chemical drugs and toxic side effects, and make the disease recover quickly. It has many advantages.

The combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine is the characteristic and highlight of the development of China’s medicine. It is also our advantage to shorten the gap with developed countries in medicine and catch up with/surpass the advanced world level with our own characteristics. With the care and support of leaders at all levels, the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine has gained a good foundation after decades of hard work.

This book will discuss four aspects: anatomy of Chinese medicine, research and development course of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, diagnosis and treatment of common internal diseases in combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, diagnosis and treatment of common surgical diseases in combination of traditional Chinese and Western Medicine.

前言

近年来，在临床上中西药联合运用的情况非常普遍，尤其是在基层医院，中西医结合的治疗模式已经成为常规。大量的研究都显示，中西药联合应用既有其优势，也有其不足，问题是如何用大量的临床实践或实验研究来证实中西药联合应用的科学性、实用性及治疗意义。中药、西药属于不同的医疗体系，但在临床的应用上都是为了达到治病的目的。中西药如果能够科学合理地联合应用，能提高治疗的效果，并能降低化学药物的用量及毒副作用，使病情快速地恢复，有着较多的优点。

中西医结合是我国医学事业发展的特色和亮点，也是我们缩短与医学发达国家之间的差距并以自己的特色赶上和超过世界先进水平的优势所在。我国的中西医结合工作在各级领导的关心支持下，经过几十年的努力奋斗，具备了良好的基础。

本书将通过解剖中医、中西医结合研究发展历程、中西医结合常见内科系统疾病诊疗、中西医结合常见外科疾病的诊疗等四个方面进行论述。

Logistics refers to the complete planning, implementation, and management of raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, or related information from the source of the product to the place of consumption of the product through transportation, storage, and distribution at the lowest cost in order to meet the needs of customers. Logistics is a system that controls raw materials, finished products, goods, and information. It is the physical movement from supply through the transfer and possession of various intermediate links to the end consumer, so as to achieve the clear objectives of the organization. Modern logistics is the product of economic globalization and also an important service industry to promote economic globalization. The modern logistics industry in the world is growing steadily. Europe, the United States and Japan have become important logistics bases in the world. With the continuous improvement of economic level, China's service industry and manufacturing industry have been developing rapidly. Under the current social background, the birth of the logistics industry has greatly promoted the development of the supply chain. In the supply chain system, the management of enterprise logistics is not just to continue the production process of the enterprise itself. More importantly, the good relationship between enterprises in the supply chain system can be adjusted through scientific and reasonable logistics management, and the operation efficiency of the supply chain system can be improved. Therefore, enterprises can adapt to market demands more quickly and improve their competitive strength in the market. It is very important to study the logistics management in the supply chain management environment. This book systematically introduces the theoretical knowledge of logistics system and supply chain, which lays a theoretical foundation for the integration of enterprise logistics management and supply chain. It hopes to be helpful to relevant staffs.

前言

物流是指为了满足客户的需求，以最低地成本，通过运输、保管、配送等方式，实现原材料、半成品、成品或相关信息进行由商品的产地到商品的消费地的计划、实施和管理的全过程。物流是一个控制原材料、制成品、产成品和信息的系统，从供应开始经各种中间环节的转让及拥有而到达最终消费者手中的实物运动，以此实现组织的明确目标。现代物流是经济全球化的产物，也是推动经济全球化的重要服务业。世界现代物流业呈稳步增长态势，欧洲、美国、日本成为当前全球范围内的重要物流基地。随着经济水平的不断提升，我国的服务业、制造业得到迅猛的发展。在当前的社会背景下，物流产业的诞生在很大程度上促进了供应链的发展。在供应链的系统中，企业物流的管理并不只是为了延续企业本身的生产流程，更加主要的是可通过科学合理的物流管理调整供应链系统下各企业间的良好关系，提高供应链系统其运作的效率，从而让企业可以更快速地适应市场需求，提高企业在市场中的竞争实力。因此，对供应链管理环境下的物流管理进行研究有着非常重要的作用。本书系统介绍物流系统与供应链的理论知识，为企业物流管理与供应链之间的融合奠定理论基础，希望对相关工作者能有所帮助。

Water is the source of life, and water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. Water conservancy construction is the basic construction for economic and social development. The construction of water conservancy economy is related to the sustainable development of agriculture and society and economy. It is an important basic link in the process of the development of the national economy and the construction of a harmonious society, and is the strategic focus of the national economy. How to strengthen water conservancy construction and maximize the comprehensive benefits of water conservancy, especially economic benefits, is very important for today's water conservancy construction.

This book first introduced the basic theory of water and water resources, water cycle and water crisis. Second, this book analyzes the development of water conservancy projects, the status and contribution of water conservancy in the national economy, and the current status and trends of water conservancy economy development and trends in the new period. Third, this book specifically discusses various water conservancy projects and their survey, design, construction, and management, and elaborates various concepts of water conservancy project economy, water safety guarantee, and market mechanism. Finally, the book discusses the broad concern of stakeholders in agricultural water pricing. This is a book of social and economic benefits, and the combination of theory and practice. It is a practical reference book that provides help to the practitioners of hydraulic engineering.

前言

水是生命之源，水利是农业的命脉。水利建设是经济社会发展的基础建设，水利经济建设关系到农业和社会经济的可持续发展，是国民经济发展与和谐社会构建过程中重要的基础环节，是国民经济的战略重点。如何加强水利建设，最大限度的发挥好水利综合效益，尤其经济效益，对当今水利建设来说，十分重要。

本书开篇从水与水资源、水循环与水危机等基础理论讲到我国的水利工程发展、水利在国民经济中的地位和贡献与新时期水利经济的发展现状与趋势的水利现状，再具体谈各种水利工程及其勘测、设计、施工、管理，之后讲到水利工程经济的各种概念，水安全保障与市场机制，最后讲了下农业水价的利益相关者这一广泛关注地问题，是一本社会与经济效益兼具，理论与实际结合，并能为广大水利工程从业者提供帮助的切合实用的工具书。

With the continuous progress and development of the society and the deepening of the market economy, the market competition of the construction industry is increasingly fierce. The scale of construction projects is expanding, and construction engineering management is emphasized. Construction projects provide an important material and technological basis for the development of the national economy and the improvement of people's lives, and play a role in promoting the revitalization of various industries. Therefore, it occupies a very important position in the national economy. The country also attaches great importance to the use of legal means. The management of engineering construction has been strengthened through the formulation and implementation of engineering construction management regulations. Construction management includes construction site management, project cost management, project schedule management, project quality management, construction safety management and other management contents. In order to pursue better development space, construction enterprises must continuously enhance the management capacity of projects and determine scientific, reasonable cost, duration, safety and quality related goals. Economy, technology and organization are integrated to control the three objectives effectively, thus achieving good social and economic benefits.

Therefore, this book is mainly written around the above points, aiming to provide readers with relevant knowledge reference. As the book contains more content, involves more cumbersome knowledge, and has more compilers, the format, depth and breadth of the contents of each chapter may not be inconsistent; and the fallacies are inevitable. Readers are invited to criticize and correct. Suggestions for improvement will be gratefully received.

前言

随着社会的不断进步和发展，市场经济的不断深化，建筑业的市场竞争日趋激烈，建设项目规模不断扩大，建筑工程管理越来越受到人们的重视。建筑工程建设为国民经济的发展和人民生活的改善提供重要的物质、技术基础，并对多种产业的振兴起着促进作用。因此，它在国民经济中占有相当重要的地位，国家也十分重视运用法律手段，通过制定和实施工程建设管理法规，加强工程建设的管理。建筑施工管理包括施工现场管理、工程成本管理、工程进度管理、工程质量管理、施工安全生产管理以及其他管理内容。为了追求更好地发展和生的空间，建筑企业必须不断地增强对项目的管理能力；并确定科学、合理的成本、工期、安全以及质量的相关目标。综合的应用经济、技术、组织以及合等措施实行对于三大目标有效的控制；进而取得好的社会效益以及经济效益。

因此本书主要围绕以上几点进行编写，旨在为广大读者提供相关知识的参考。由于本书包罗内容较广，涉及知识较繁琐，各章节内容的格式、深度和广度可能并不一致，且谬误无可避免，敬请读者批评指正。