With people’s understanding of the unique role of radio direction finding in the “Five Education” cultivation of morality, intelligence, sports, beauty and labor, and with the Ministry of Education, the State General Administration of Sports and other ministries and schools attaching great importance to students’ quality education, more and more students and parents have a strong interest in radio direction finding. However, whether as a course study or as a hobby, a successful radio direction finding enthusiast usually has to go through such a process of experience: preliminary professional knowledge - preliminary practice → professional theory improvement → further practice → professional theoretical knowledge level improvement → practical ability further improvement. In this repeated process, the enthusiast’s theoretical and practical level continues to improve, and finally become a mature“Hunter”.
        To participate in the radio direction finding movement, we should not only master the basic theoretical knowledge of radio communication principle, direction finding technology and military topography, but also reserve certain physical quality. Many beginners often feel that the theoretical study is very boring and they don’t pay attention to the study, but only pay attention to the practice with the direction finder; however, when it is difficult to find a hidden radio station, it is often helpless and does not know how to seek the answer from the basic theory. Some teachers who lead students to participate in radio direction finding for the first time do not know how to better select and guide students, organize competitions, maintain equipment, and so on because of their lack of practical experience. Therefore, we have compiled this book.

前 言

随着人们对无线电测向运动在德、智、体、美、劳“五育”培育中独特作用的认识越来越清晰，随着教育部、国家体育总局等部委及学校对学生素质教育的高度重视，越来越多的学生、家长对无线电测向运动产生了浓厚的兴趣。但无论作为课程学习，还是作为兴趣爱好，一个取得成功的无线电测向运动爱好者一般要经过这样的历练过程： 初步的专业知识-初步的实践→专业理论的提升→进一步的实践→专业理论知识水平的提高→实践能力的再提高。在这个不断反复的过程中，爱好者理论和实践水平不断提高，最后成为一名成熟的“猎人”。
        参与无线电测向运动既要掌握无线电传播原理、测向技术和军事地形学等基础理论知识，又要储备一定的体能素质。很多初学者往往感到理论学习很枯燥，学习起来不上心，而只注重拿着测向机去实践；但当很难找到隐蔽电台时，往往束手无策，不知道如何从基础理论中寻求答案。而一些初次带领学生参与无线电测向运动的老师们，因为缺乏实战经验，不知道如何更好地选拔与指导学生，组织比赛、维护器材等，因此，我们编写了本书。

Land consolidation is to improve the efficiency of land use by harnessing the land with low efficiency, unreasonable use, unused and damaged by production and construction activities and natural disasters. Land consolidation has become an important part of the national strategy. It is an important means to protect cultivated land, stick to the red line of cultivated land, ensure the safety of national food production, improve the ecological environment, promote the construction of new socialist countryside and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and promote the economical and intensive use of land. It is also an important measure to solve the bottleneck of land use constraints in the process of economic and social development. After years of development, China’s land consolidation work has been growing from point to area, from small to large, with the support capacity of science and technology significantly strengthened, and the standards and specifications gradually improved. It has formed a work pattern with stable capital channels, high attention from leaders, active grassroots work, and enthusiastic participation of the masses. Due to the rapid development of land consolidation in recent years, there is an urgent need for a large number of land consolidation talents to enrich the field. Therefore, many colleges and universities have opened land consolidation related courses to cultivate land consolidation talents.
       Overall land use planning is not only the “leader” of land management in China, but also an important decision in the development of national economy and society, which plays an important role in ensuring the development of national economy and society. China’s overall land use planning started late, and its theory, method and content are in the process of continuous development and improvement. Land is the source of all things and the carrier of all human activities. Reasonable planning and utilization of land is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of regional economy and society. With the deepening of human understanding of land, the contents and methods of land use planning have been enriched and developed. China is a country with more people and less land. The per capita cultivated land is only 1.38 mu, less than 40% of the world average level. Therefore, land use planning is particularly important. The completed three rounds of land use planning plays an important regulatory role in farmland protection and land development and utilization. This book analyzes the situation of land use in China from the perspective of land consolidation and land space planning. Through reasonable planning research, it can make land use more scientific and reasonable, and create a sustainable land development and protection system of ecological civilization.

前 言

土地整治是对低效利用、不合理利用、未利用以及生产建设活动和自然灾害损毁的土地进行治理，以提高土地利用效率。土地整治已成为国家战略的重要组成部分，是保护耕地、坚守耕地红线、保障国家粮食生产安全、改善生态环境、促进社会主义新农村建设和城乡统筹发展、促进土地节约集约利用的重要手段，是破解经济社会发展进程中解决土地利用约束瓶颈的重要措施。经过多年的发展，我国的土地整治工作已经由点到面、由小到大，不断发展壮大，科技支撑能力明显加强，标准规范逐步完善，已形成资金渠道稳定。领导高度重视，基层工作积极，群众热情参与的工作格局。由于近年来土地整治发展迅速，迫切需要大量的土地整治方面的人才充实到该领域中去，为此，许多高校相继开设土地整治的相关课程，培养土地整治人才。
        土地利用总体规划是我国土地管理的“龙头”，也是国民经济与社会发展中的一项重要决策，对国民经济与社会发展起着重要的保障作用。我国的土地利用总体规划起步较晚，规划的理论、方法和内容正处于不断发展和完善的过程中。土地是万物之源，是人类所有活动的载体。合理的规划和利用土地是区域经济社会可持续发展的重要保证。随着人类对土地认识的不断深入和对土地的不断深化，土地利用规划的内容与方法也不断得到了丰富和发展。我国是人多地少的国家，人均耕地仅为 1.38 亩，不到世界平均水平的 40%，因此土地利用规划工作尤为重要。已经完成的三轮土地利用规划，对耕地保护和土地开发利用起着重要的调控作用。本书从土地整治和土地空间规划的角度分析了我国土地的利用情况，通过合理的规划研究，能够使土地利用更加科学合理，创建生态文明的可持续发展土地开发保护体系。

With the gradual advancement of the wave of education globalization, the phased characteristics of school physical education become more and more prominent, and the teaching concept, teaching methods, learning methods and learning evaluation methods have undergone dramatic changes. In this regard, physical education scholars found that physical education teaching theory, as one of the traditional theoretical resources of pedagogy, has lost understanding in the face of the above changes, it is difficult to help the majority of physical education teachers improve their professional ability, and it is difficult to provide support for exploring the practice and theory of educational reform and development. School physical education is an important part of national physical education and school education. It is a key link to improve the health level of the whole nation. It is also an important means to build socialist spiritual civilization and cultivate all-round development of new people. The educational function of school physical education plays an important role in cultivating people’s healthy and reasonable life style, collectivism spirit, patriotism spirit, hardworking and indomitable spirit. Its ultimate goal is to cultivate and create a new generation that can meet the requirements of the times, improve the quality of the people, and promote the healthy development of society.
     Throughout the development history of school physical education in modern China, due to the low starting and slow development speed, there is still a certain distance between Chinese school physical education and other disciplines, and the results of theoretical research and practical research are relatively scarce. The numerous historical problems and perplexed status quo of school physical education show the urgency and necessity of theoretical research on school physical education. This book is the result of the author’s systematic thinking on related issues. Due to the author’s limited education, the book is inevitably crude and biased. Readers are welcome to criticize and correct them.

前 言

随着教育全球化浪潮的逐渐推进，学校体育教育的阶段性特征愈发凸显，教学观念、教学方式、学习方式与学习评价方式等发生着急剧的变化。对此，体育教育学者们发现，作为教育学传统奠基理论资源之一的体育教学理论面对上述变化已丧失了解，难以帮助广大体育教师提高专业化能力，难以为探索教育改革发展的实践和理论提供支撑。学校体育是国家民族体育和学校教育中的重要组成部分，是提高全民族健康水平的关键环节，也是建设社会主义精神文明、培养全面发展新人的重要手段。学校体育所具有的教育功能在培养人们健康、合理的生活方式，集体主义精神，爱国主义精神，吃苦耐劳、顽强拼搏精神等方面有着重要作用。它的最终目的在于全面培养和造就能适应时代要求的一代新人，提高国民素质，促进社会健康发展。
        纵观近代以来我国学校体育的发展史，由于起步较低、发展速度缓慢，因此，中国学校体育与其他学科相比，还存在着一定的距离，理论研究与实践研究成果还相对匮乏。学校体育众多的历史问题、困惑现状，表明了学校体育理论研究的迫切性与必要性， 本书正是作者对相关问题进行系统思考后的成果。 由于作者学养有限，书中难免有粗陋偏颇之处，敬请各位学者与读者见谅并予以斧正。

随着人类社会的不断飞跃发展，人类与环境不断地相互影响和作用，同时也伴 随着日益严重的环境问题。污染问题是人类社会面临的主要环境问题，它也是人类 社会活动的必然产物。环境问题已成为危害人们健康，制约经济发展和社会稳定的 重要因素。当前我国环境污染问题主要表现在：水资源短缺而且污染严重、城市大 气污染严重、土壤污染加剧及固体废弃物污染等。本文在此背景下系统深入地对几 种典型环境污染的原因、来源、危害、产生机理等进行了分析，同时概述了综合防 治措施及污染治理最新技术，以满足环境污染学科发展的需要。发展经济和保护环 境，在人类工业化进程中一直是一对难以协调的矛盾。改革开放以来，在快速工业 化进程中，在意识、制度和能力上，中国都没有做好充分准备，造成了环境遭受污 染、生态环境被破坏的不良后果。 党的十八大以来，大力推进生态文明建设，将“绿色发展”确立为新发展理念 的重要内容，将“建设美丽中国”确定为实现中国梦的重要目标，并采取一系列措 施，特别是通过制度建设推进环境改善，从制度上解决环境保护和生态文明建设的 问题。在经济发展与生态环境制约日益紧张的 21 世纪，世界各国也越来越重视可持 续发展，因而，明确生态环境具体情况及敏感区域；指导企业防范生态环境风险， 识别相关生态环境敏感区和脆弱区，积极参与当地生态环境保护；促进沿线国家生 态环境政策的接驳、生态环境问题的解决、生态环境合作的深入，以及生态环境合 作服务与保障体系的建立。 环境污染控制也可以看作一个系统，用系统论的方法进行环境污染控制就是环 境污染控制系统论思想，或者说是环境污染控制的系统思维。本书从系统论的基本 概念出发，对环境污染控制系统思维进行了分析和阐释。本书主要内容包括：环境 污染概述、大气、水、固体废物及噪声等污染与治理技术；清洁生产由来及实施途 径；农村与城市环境存在的主要问题与保护对策；环境地理信息系统技术在环境中 的应用。

The water retaining structure built on the river is related to the safety of people's life and property in the downstream. The design and construction quality of water conservancy and hydropower projects will not only affect the life and benefit of buildings, but also affect the cost of reconstruction and maintenance. Once the project fails, it will bring irreparable losses to the national economy and life and property. In the history of water conservancy at home and abroad, there are many painful lessons caused by the design quality problems of water conservancy and hydropower projects. Therefore, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects must ensure the scientific design and the quality of construction management.
        Water conservancy and hydropower projects often involve the interests of many departments, such as flood control, power generation, shipping, irrigation, industrial and urban water use, environmental protection and so on, which must be comprehensively planned and taken into account, thus increasing the complexity of construction. Water conservancy and hydropower projects are often located in mountainous areas where traffic is inconvenient, and the workload of construction preparation is heavy. Not only the traffic roads inside and outside the site should be built, the auxiliary enterprises for construction services should be arranged, but also the office and living houses should be built. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the design of construction and do a good job of management in advance, so as to meet the construction requirements and reduce the project investment.
       Water conservancy project is often composed of many single projects, with concentrated layout, large amount of work, many types of work, high construction intensity, and the limitation of terrain conditions, it is easy to cause construction interference. Therefore, it is necessary to make overall planning, pay attention to the organization and management of on-site construction, and use the principles of systems engineering and operational research to select the optimized construction scheme with less construction interference and reasonable construction period. In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, earthwork, water and underwater operations, underground operations and high-altitude operations are often carried out alternately, which is not conducive to the construction safety. Therefore, we must pay great attention to the construction safety and take effective measures to prevent accidents.

前 言

河流上修建的挡水建筑物，关系着下游人民的生命财产安全。水利水电工程的设计与施工质量， 不但会影响建筑物的寿命和效益， 而且会影响改建和维修的费用。工程一旦失事，对国民经济及生命财产会带来不可弥补的损失。国内外的水利史上不乏因水利水电工程设计质量问题而导致的一些惨痛教训，因此，水利水电工程施工必须保证设计科学性与施工管理质量。
        水利水电工程常涉及许多部门的利益，如防洪、发电、航运、灌溉、工业与城市用水、环境保护等，必须全面规划、统筹兼顾，因而增加了施工的复杂性。水利水电工程往往位于交通不便的山区，施工准备工作量大，不仅要修建场内外交通道路，布置施工服务的辅助企业，而且要修建办公和生活用房。因此，必须十分重视施工的设计工作，提前做好管理工作，使之既满足施工要求又减少工程投资。
        水利枢纽工程常由许多单项工程组成，布置比较集中，工程量大，工种多，施工强度高，加上地形条件方面的限制，容易发生施工干扰。因此，需要统筹规划，重视现场施工的组织与管理，运用系统工程、运筹学等原理，选择施工干扰少、工期合理的优化施工方案。在水利水电工程的施工中，土方工程、水上水下作业、地下作业以及高空作业等，常常交叉进行，对施工安全不利。因此，必须十分注意施工安全，采取有效措施，防止事故的发生。