With the continuous development of social economy, the requirements of urban road construction are also constantly improving, and the problem of road water accumulation has become a serious disaster in urban roads, which will not only affect the normal use of municipal roads, but also shorten their service life. Based on this, this book mainly analyzes the optimal design of municipal road water supply and drainage.
    With the development of national economy and the acceleration of urban construction, people have higher and higher requirements on the transportation system. In particular, the development of municipal roads has an important impact on people’s normal life and vehicle driving safety. Problems in water supply and drainage will affect the traffic capacity of road locomotives, and may even cause vehicle slippage and traffic safety. At the same time, the long-term water accumulation of the road surface will erode the subgrade, reduce the strength of subgrade soil, and even lead to the overall damage of the subgrade. The effect of municipal road water supply and drainage engineering not only directly affects the urban road, flood control, environmental protection, but also directly related to people’s work and daily life, so it has an important position that can not be ignored. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal use of municipal roads, the normal operation of the city and people’s normal life, it is necessary to design the drainage works of municipal roads scientifically and reasonably.
    All in all, the design of road water supply and drainage engineering is an important guarantee for the service life and performance of municipal roads. The scientific and reasonable design of municipal road drainage system has an important impact on the function and service life of municipal roads. Therefore, when we design the municipal road water supply and drainage system, we should combine the actual situation and lessons, optimize the design scheme of the municipal road water supply and drainage system on this basis, so as to promote it to play an important role in the process of urbanization in China.

前 言

随着社会经济的不断发展，城市道路建设的各项要求也在不断提高，而道路积水问题已经成为城市道路当中的一个严重灾害，它不仅会影响到市政道路的正常使用，还会缩短其使用寿命。基于此，本书主要对市政道路给排水的优化设计进行了分析。
       由于国民经济的发展以及城市建设步伐的加快，人们对交通系统的要求也越来越高。 尤其是市政道路的发展对人们的正常生活及车辆的行驶安全都有着重要影响，给排水出现问题会影响道路机车的通行能力， 甚至可能会造成车辆滑移， 影响交通安全，同时路面的长期积水会对路基产生侵蚀，降低路基土强度，严重时甚至会导致路基的整体破坏。市政道路给排水工程效果的高低 , 不仅直接影响着城市道路、防洪、 环保问题 , 也直接关系着人们的工作和日常生活 , 因此具有不容忽视的重要地位。所以为了保证市政道路的正常使用、城市的正常运转、人们的正常生活 , 必须对市政道路的排水工程进行科学合理的设计。
       总而言之，道路给排水工程设计是市政道路使用寿命、性能的重要保障，市政道路排水系统设计的科学性、 合理性， 对市政道路的功能及使用寿命有着重要影响，所以，我们在进行市政道路给排水设计时要结合实际情况和经验教训，在此基础上对市政道路给排水系统的设计方案进行优化，以促进其在我国城市化进程的道路上发挥重大的作用。

Nowadays, with the rapid development of social economy, the exploitation and utilization of resources have reached a new height, and the contradiction between human and nature has become increasingly serious. The current social and economic system hascaused a lot of waste of resources. Although human beings have gradually become comfortable and convenient from the previous subsistence life, they are also faced with the problems of resource shortage, environmental pollution and ecological environment damage. So now we need to ensure the harmonious development of ecological environment protection and nature, repair the environmental damage caused by the past, strengthen the protection of the environment, reduce environmental pollution, and make human development and natural environment unified and coordinated, so as to develop for a long time.
    This paper mainly expounds the protection of forest resources and environmental ecological engineering. First of all, it introduces the resources, connotation and value of forest, then expounds the existing legal system of forest resources protection in China, and expounds the problems encountered in the practice of forest resources protection, as well as the current situation and responsibility attribution; this paper describes the common disasters of forest resources and their prevention methods, the combination of forest resources protection and urban-rural integration, the main functions and structural system of ecological environment, the technical principles of environmental protection and ecological engineering, and finally how to design, monitor and evaluate the environmental protection and ecological engineering.

前 言

如今随着社会经济的飞速发展，对于资源的开采利用也达到了新的进程高度，人与自然的矛盾也日益加剧。目前的社会经济体系造成了大量的资源浪费，虽然人类已经从以前的温饱生活变得逐渐舒适和方便，但是同时也面临着资源缺乏、环境污染、生态环境破坏的难题，所以现在人类需要在发展经济的时候保证生态环境与自然和谐发展，修复以往造成的环境破坏问题，加强环境的保护，减少环境的污染，使得人类的发展和自然环境统一协调，才能长久的发展下去。
       本文主要对森林资源的保护和环境生态工程做了阐述，首先是介绍了森林的资源以及内涵和价值；然后阐述了我国现有的对于森林资源保护的法律制度；对于森林资源保护的实践遇到的问题以及现状、责任归属做了一一阐述；讲述了森林资源常见的灾害有哪些以及预防的办法；对于森林资源的保护和城乡一体化相结合；阐述了生态环境主要的功能和结构体系；对保护环境生态工程的技术原理做了讲解；最后阐述了环境生态工程的保护工作需要如何设计和监测评价。

This paper mainly describes the relevant contents of agricultural ecology and environmental protection, from the comprehensive structure of agricultural ecology, population, biological distribution, to its energy flow and material circulation, and introduces the composition of each link in the ecosystem in detail. This paper evaluates the ecosystem from the perspective of agricultural ecological balance, and puts forward relevant control measures. We need to protect the healthy ecological environment of agriculture and develop sustainable ecological agriculture from the perspective of rational utilization and protection of resources. Through the flow of agricultural ecosystem information, we can understand the balance and regulation relationship of the ecosystem. We must use the new environmental detection technology to manage and control the ecosystem scientifically and reasonably to make the agricultural ecosystem develop in a balanced way.

    Environment is the basic condition and material basis for human survival and development, and environmental protection is an important part of our ecological civilization construction. However, the scope and degree of ecological damage in China are expanding. Environmental pollution and ecological damage have become important factors restricting the economic and social development of our country. Agricultural production is closely related to resources and environment. With the acceleration of agricultural production modernization, agricultural environmental problems are more prominent, such as environmental pollution caused by excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers, soil erosion and soil erosion caused by excessive development, etc. Environmental protection and reasonable control of agricultural ecological balance is an important issue to be considered by relevant departments at present, and also a problem to be solved if the country wants to develop healthy and sustainable agriculture.

前 言

本文主要讲述了农业生态与环境保护的相关内容，从农业生态的综合结构，种群、生物分布，到其能量的流动和物质的循环，详细地介绍了生态系统中的各个环节的构成。文章从农业生态平衡的角度来对生态系统进行评价，并提出了相关的调控措施。我们需要从资源合理利用和保护的角度，保护农业的健康生态环境，发展可持续的生态农业。我们通过对农业生态系统信息的流动，来了解生态系统的平衡调节关系，必须要利用先进的环境检测技术，科学合理地管控生态系统，使农业生态平衡发展。
       环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基本条件和物质基础，环境保护是我们生态文明建设的重要内容。然而，我国生态破坏的范围在扩大，程度在加剧。环境污染和生态破坏已成为制约我国经济和社会发展的重要因素。农业生产与资源环境有着极为密切的联系，随着农业生产现代化进程的加快，农业环境问题更加突出，如过量使用农药、化肥等造成的环境污染和过度开发造成的土壤侵蚀、水土流失等等，保护环境，合理的管控农业生态平衡是当前相关部门需要考虑的重要问题，也是国家想要发展健康、可持续农业必须要解决的问题。

The processing of agricultural products is an important part and foundation of food science and technology and the development of food industry. It is also an integral part of the field of agricultural science and technology. Its development status indicates the degree and level of a country’s economic and cultural development. It is not only very important for the current national economic development, but also directly affects the future. Especially in the case of increasing output and sufficient supply of major agricultural products in China, the processing and transformation of agricultural products is of great significance for promoting agricultural development, increasing the added value of agricultural products, revitalizing the agricultural economy, prospering the market and improving people’s living standards.
    Agricultural commercialization is not only a problem that many developing countries are facing in the process of agricultural transformation, but also a hot issue in China’s economic transformation. Agricultural commercialization is a transition process from self-sufficient production to commodity production oriented to meet market demand. From a new perspective, this paper analyzes the latest trend of the work of “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” in China, and organically integrates the traditional industry of agriculture with modern e-commerce. Through the new technology, the research and development of “whole process based agricultural e-commerce mode and platform architecture” is proposed, and the key technologies of agricultural e-commerce support system are tackled to realize the real-time collection of agricultural information, real-time monitoring and intelligent management of agricultural production, real-time collection and intelligent monitoring of agricultural product traceability information. So that farmers can complete most financial transactions and enjoy modern agricultural financial services. The realization of these technologies is conducive to improving the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises and the ability of government supervision, so as to accelerate the modernization of agricultural and rural areas. Due to the limited experience of editors, there may be mistakes and omissions in this book. Readers are welcome to understand and correct them.

前 言

农产品加工是食品科学技术与食品工业发展的重要组成部分和基础，也是农业科技领域不可分割的重要组成部分，它的发展状况标志着一个国家经济文化发达程度和水平，不但对当前国家经济发展十分重要，而且直接影响未来。特别是在我国主要农产品产量不断提高、 供应充足的情况下， 农产品加工和转化对促进农业发展、提高农产品的附加值、 振兴农业经济、 繁荣市场和提高人民生活水平具有重要意义。
       农业商品化是众多发展中国家农业转型过程中正面临的一个问题，也是我国经济转型中的一个热点问题。农业商品化是农业由自给自足式的生产向以满足市场需求为导向的商品式生产过渡的过程。本文以“新”的视角，探析了我国“三农”工作的最新动向， 把农业这一传统产业与现代化的电子商务有机融合。 通过新的技术，提出研究与开发“基于全过程的农业电子商务模式与平台架构”，攻关农业电子商务支撑体系的关键技术，实现对农业信息的实时采集、农业生产的实时监控和智能化管理、农产品溯源信息的实时采集和智能监控，让广大农民“人不出村、足不出户”就能完成大多数金融交易，享受现代的农业金融服务，这些技术的实现有利于提升农业企业竞争力和政府监管能力等，以加快推进农业农村现代化。由于编者经验有限，本书可能会出现错漏，请广大读者谅解和指正。

This book reflects the new materials, new technologies and new processes that the Ministry of construction focuses on; it is compiled in close combination with the standards, specifications and procedures of building materials, building structure design and construction quality acceptance of building installation in recent years; and it adds the content of building monitoring and supervision according to the requirements of national construction quality acceptance specifications.
    There are seven chapters in this book, including the history of building development, construction method management, construction measurement management, construction risk management, construction quality management, construction progress management, construction supervision management, etc. Therefore, the author hopes this book can help the construction engineers and construction technicians to carry out the project smoothly.

前 言

反映了建设部重点推广的新材料、新技术、 新工艺；紧密结合近年来建筑材料、建筑结构设计、建筑安装施工质量验收等标准、规范、规程进行编写；根据国家施工质量验收规范要求，增加了建筑监测和监理等内容。
      本书主要有七章内容，分别有建筑发展历史、建筑施工方法管理、建筑施工测量管理、建筑施工风险管理、建筑施工质量管理、建筑施工进度管理、建筑施工监理管理等。 因此， 希望本书能够有助于建筑工程师和施工技术人员项目的顺利开展 。